Negative stress echo: Further prognostic stratification with assessment of pressure–volume relation

Acute effect of static exercise on the cardiovascular system: assessment by cardiovascular magnetic resonance

“…The systolic blood pressure/LV end-systolic volume ratio was used as a surrogate of LV contractility (Lentini et al 1993;Bombardini et al 2008).…”

Reduced End-Systolic Pressure-Volume Ratio Response to Exercise

“…4 The end-systolic pressurevolume-ratio (ESPVR, the ratio of the peak systolic pressure [SP] to the LVESV indexed for body surface area) 5,6 has been of increasing interest as a noninvasive measure of contractility as, unlike the former methods, this technique is predominantly afterload-independent. 7 Assessment of contractile reserve using this method has also been found to be superior for prognostic stratification than either change in LVEF or change in LVESV. 7 Several techniques including dobutamine infusion 8 and graded bicycle exercise 9 have been used to examine ESPVR.…”

“…7 Assessment of contractile reserve using this method has also been found to be superior for prognostic stratification than either change in LVEF or change in LVESV. 7 Several techniques including dobutamine infusion 8 and graded bicycle exercise 9 have been used to examine ESPVR. The FFR curve (ESPVR plotted against heart rate) is reduced in CAD and dilated cardiomyopathy, with a biphasic curve also noted in the setting of myocardial ischemia.…”

“…10 A flat or biphasic FFR curve is associated with increased cardiac death and major adverse cardiac events, 8 whereas the change in SP to the LVESV (⌬SP/ESV) is an independent correlate of total events (death, heart failure admissions, and worsening New York Heart Association class). 7 In T2DM, a ⌬SP/ESV Յ12 mm Hg/mL/m 2 and a peak SP/ESV Յ28 mm Hg/mL/m 2 have been demonstrated to correlate with increased future events including death and major adverse cardiac events, 11 although the pathophysiology of this association is yet undetermined. We hypothesized that an abnormal ESPVR is associated with factors reflective of myocardial dysfunction and adverse prognosis in T2DM.…”

Stress Echocardiography as a Gatekeeper to Donation in Aged Marginal Donor Hearts: Anatomic and Pathologic Correlations of Abnormal Stress Echocardiography Results

“…In each phase of the stress echo, the projections of the 4 chambers and of the apical 2 chambers were recorded to obtain the LV end-systolic volume (LVES) by biplane Simpson rule 14 to calculate the LV elastance (systolic pressure/LVES ratio). [15][16][17] Regional WMSI was assessed and graded on a scale from 1 (normal) to 4 (dyskinetic) at rest and after stress in each of the 17 segments. 7 The LV WMSI was calculated by summing the scores and dividing the sum by 17.…”