Negative Sentences in the Languages of Europe

Abstract

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Embodied negation and levels of concreteness: A TMS study on German and Italian language processing

“…All human languages can express sentential negation through many different means that range from morphology to syntax (Dahl, 1979;De Clercq, 2020). In particular, languages that developed syntactic negation tend to differ in terms of word order, i.e., the position of the negative particle with respect to the main verb (Bernini and Ramat, 1996). For example, Italian has a Negation-Verb structure (e.g., "Io non ascolto"; which in English is "I don't hear"), while German has a Verb-Negation structure (e.g., "Ich höre nicht", semantically equivalent to the Italian example).…”

The Typology of Negation

“…Areally, the Jespersen Cycle is attested over the entire globe, but it is sparse in Eurasia, except for its Standard Average European corner. The claim that the J espersen Cycle would be one of the features characterizing Standard Average European goes back to Bernini and Ramat (1992) and we indeed see the Jespersen Cycle, for instance, in French andin Italian dialects (Vossen 2016: 49-86), but not in European Portuguese or Romanian and not in Slavic or Indo-Aryan (van der Auwera 2011: 301-2). In other areas and phyla there are concentration zones as weil.…”

Quirky negative concord

“…Perhaps the preference for an overt first CoNeg is a general property of phrasal CoNeg constructions. Bernini & Ramat (1996) or Haspelmath (2007) do not draw attention to it, but Salaberri (to appear) can confirm it.…”