Negative self-conscious emotions in women with borderline personality disorder as assessed by an Implicit Association Test.

Spitzer, Carsten; Jelinek, Lena; Baumann, Erik; Benecke, Cord; Schmidt, Alexander F.

doi:10.1037/per0000467

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…planning: 1) a view of self as bad, inadequate, guilty, and contemptible [11]; 2) a sense of alienation or loneliness [12]; and 3) rejection sensitivity, problems with trust, and misinterpretation of social signals [13,14]. Despite a large body of treatment evidence and recognition by health authorities, the initial ICD-11 proposal did not distinguish the presence of a Borderline PD type because of its debated construct validity.…”

Section: Icd-11 Classification Of Severity and Trait Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ICD-11 classification of personality disorders: a European perspective on challenges and opportunities

Bach

Kramer

Doering

et al. 2022

bord personal disord emot dysregul

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The 11th revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) includes a fundamentally new approach to Personality Disorders (PD). ICD-11 is expected to be implemented first in European countries before other WHO member states. The present paper provides an overview of this new ICD-11 model including PD severity classification, trait domain specifiers, and the additional borderline pattern specifier. We discuss the perceived challenges and opportunities of using the ICD-11 approach with particular focus on its continuity and discontinuity with familiar PD categories such as avoidant PD and narcissistic PD. The advent of the ICD-11 PD classification involves major changes for health care workers, researchers, administrators, and service providers as well as patients and families involved. The anticipated challenges and opportunities are put forward in terms of specific unanswered questions. It is our hope that these questions will stimulate further research and discussion among researchers and clinicians in the coming years.

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Section: Icd-11 Classification Of Severity and Trait Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ICD-11 classification of personality disorders: a European perspective on challenges and opportunities

Bach

Kramer

Doering

et al. 2022

bord personal disord emot dysregul

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“…However, the results of studies vary according to the disorder, and it seems the two different IATs share the basic structure of tasks, but that is their only commonality ( 26 ); therefore, it is necessary to adjust the IAT for each disorder ( 24 ). In the context of BPD, IATs have been utilized to assess implicit associations between the self-concept and shame ( 27 , 28 ), as well as neuroticism ( 29 ) and aggressiveness ( 30 ). All studies reported significant differences between women with BPD and a healthy control group, which is in line with findings that an IAT can show mean differences between groups and classify individuals into opposing groups ( 22 , 31 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, regarding the implicit assessment of identity diffusion, we expected patients with BPD features to classify pairings of self and instability faster than the healthy control group, which we expected to classify pairings of self and stability faster. This hypothesis was based on previous studies that assessed other aspects of BPD symptomatology and reported differences between patient and control groups [e.g., ( 28 , 30 )].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explicit and Implicit Measures of Identity Diffusion in Adolescent Girls With Borderline Personality Disorder

2022

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The present study is the first to examine both the implicit and explicit self-concept of identity diffusion in a sample of adolescent patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). A clinical sample of adolescent girls with diagnosed BPD (N = 30; M age = 15.9 years) and a sample of girls with a healthy personality development (N = 33; M age = 16.6 years) completed an implicit association test (IAT) that was adjusted to identity diffusion, the core of BPD. Common domains of child and adolescent psychopathology and core components of BPD were assessed using self-reports on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children—11 (BPFSC-11) and the Assessment of Identity Development in Adolescence (AIDA). BPD patients scored significantly higher on explicit measures of borderline pathology than girls with a healthy personality development. A crucial finding for this study was that girls with BPD had a significantly lower implicit preference for stability than their counterparts in the control group. Moreover, explicit measures of borderline personality pathology were significantly correlated with an implicit measure of identity diffusion, the core of BPD. However, when looking at the predictive ability of implicit and explicit measures, only explicit identity diffusion was significantly associated with borderline features. Our data suggests that adolescent girls with BPD differ from healthy individuals not only in their conscious representation but also in their implicit representation of the self with regard to BPD related characteristics, which further advances the need for the identification of at-risk adolescents.

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“…These so-called self-conscious emotions comprise, for example, shame and guilt, but also self-contempt or self-disgust (e.g., 4 – 7 ). Previous studies suggest that negative self-conscious emotions are particularly important in BPD (e.g., 8 – 10 ) with a special importance of shame (e.g., 11 , 12 ). These studies have primarily used self-report questionnaires in which individuals have to imagine their emotional responses to theoretical scenarios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shame, self-disgust, and envy: An experimental study on negative emotional response in borderline personality disorder during the confrontation with the own face

Biermann

Schulze²,

Vonderlin³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundA markedly negative self-image and pervasive shame proneness have consistently been associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The present experimental study investigated the intensity of negative emotional responses with a focus on shame in BPD compared to healthy control persons (HCs) during an experimental paradigm promoting self-awareness, self-reflection, and self-evaluation. Furthermore, the relationship between levels of state shame during the experiment and shame proneness in BPD compared to HCs was examined.MethodsA sample of 62 individuals with BPD and 47 HCs participated in the study. During the experimental paradigm, participants were presented with photos of (i) the own face, (ii) the face of a well-known person, and (iii) of an unknown person. They were asked to describe positive facets of these faces. Participants rated the intensity of negative emotions induced by the experimental task as well the pleasantness of the presented faces. Shame-proneness was assessed using the Test of the Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA-3).ResultsIndividuals with BPD experienced significantly higher levels of negative emotions than HCs both before and during the experimental task. While HC participants responded to their own face particularly with an increase in shame compared to the other-referential condition, the BPD patients responded above all with a strong increase of disgust. Furthermore, the confrontation with an unknown or well-known face resulted in a strong increase of envy in BPD compared to HC. Individuals with BPD reported higher levels of shame-proneness than HCs. Higher levels of shame-proneness were related to higher levels of state shame during the experiment across all participants.ConclusionOur study is the first experimental study on negative emotional responses and its relationship to shame proneness in BPD compared to HC using the own face as a cue promoting self-awareness, self-reflection, and self-evaluation. Our data confirm a prominent role of shame when describing positive features of the own face, but they emphasize also disgust and envy as distinct emotional experience characterizing individuals with BPD when being confronted with the self.

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Negative self-conscious emotions in women with borderline personality disorder as assessed by an Implicit Association Test.

Cited by 8 publications

References 61 publications

The ICD-11 classification of personality disorders: a European perspective on challenges and opportunities

The ICD-11 classification of personality disorders: a European perspective on challenges and opportunities

Explicit and Implicit Measures of Identity Diffusion in Adolescent Girls With Borderline Personality Disorder

Shame, self-disgust, and envy: An experimental study on negative emotional response in borderline personality disorder during the confrontation with the own face

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