Negative metal bioaccumulation impacts on systemic shark health and homeostatic balance

Wosnick, Natascha; Niella, Yuri; Hammerschlag, Neil; Chaves, Ana Paula; Hauser‐Davis, Rachel Ann; Rocha, Rafael Christian Chávez; Jorge, Marianna Basso; Oliveira, Rayone Wesly Santos de; Nunes, Jorge Luíz Silva

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112398

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Environmental pollution, in particular, may directly decrease organism resilience to other stressors, as it results in significantly decreased immune system responses in many vertebrates, including fish (Watts et al, 2001). In fact, in a study previously performed with sharks in the same region, including I. oxyrhynchus, results pointed to a negative metal bioaccumulation effect on their systemic health (Wosnick et al, 2021a) which, combined with fishing pressure, may explain the poor health status of the studied population. Thus, future studies on genetic structure, ecotoxicology, and molecular biology are necessary to better understand the underlying factors that are affecting the health and potentially the fitness of Daggernose sharks not only in the state of Maranhão, but among other fragmented populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…As phosphorus is a predominantly intracellular ion, increased extracellular concentrations indicate cell disruption, leading to excessive leakage (D'Arcy, 2019). In this context, as elasmobranch mortality due to fishing is mainly caused by flight or fight responses, biomarkers indicative of cell rupture/damage have been proven reliable (Wosnick et al, 2017;Wosnick et al, 2021a), always increasing circulating levels upon allostatic overload, as in the case of lactate. That being said, our results indicate that I. oxyrhynchus exhibits similar vulnerability to capture stress when compared to the well-known vulnerable hammerhead sharks, configuring another shark species heavily affected by fishing with little chances of post-release survival.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hepatic damage may also result in decreased environmental contaminant metabolization and subsequent excretion, as the liver is the main detoxifying organ in vertebrates (Yao et al, 2019). This, in turn, leads to higher circulating pollutant levels and significant deleterious physiological effects, including oxidative stress, altered hepatocellular lipid metabolism, citotoxicity and, potentially, genotoxicity which have been reported for many taxonomic groups (Hui et al, 2017;Gabriel et al, 2020;de Farias Araujo et al, 2022), including sharks (Hauser-Davis et al, 2021;Wosnick et al, 2021a), potentially affecting animal health conditions due to altered physiological, systemic and, ultimately, behavioral aspects (Wosnick et al, 2021b;Willmer et al, 2022;Wosnick et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the physiological vulnerability of the endemic and critically endangered Daggernose Shark: A comparative approach to other Carcharhiniformes

Wosnick

Chaves²,

Dias

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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IntroductionThe current Isogomphodon oxyrhynchus (Daggernose Shark) population status Q7points to 99% losses in the last decade due to certain biological traits, site fidelity, and historical high representativeness as bycatch in artisanal fisheries. This species is listed as Critically Endangered (CR), both in the IUCN and the Brazilian Red Lists. Its vulnerability is so high that its recovery potential requires protection from ongoing fishing pressure.ObjectiveIn this context, this study aimed to evaluate the health status of Daggernose sharks and their ability to cope with allostatic overload in a comparative analysis with other Carcharhinid and Sphyrnid sharks.MethodsSharks incidentally caught by the artisanal fleet in the state of Maranhão, on the Brazilian Amazon Coast, were sampled for blood, and serum was used to assess biochemical markers.ResultsThe findings indicate significant differences in Daggernose Shark homeostatic capacity for ALP, ALT/GTP, creatinine, lactate, urea, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, pointing to lower health scores and recovery capacity when compared to other Carcharhiniformes inhabiting the same region.Discussion and conclusionsIt is possible that such vulnerability is a result of fisheries-induced evolution, leading to remaining populations with very low chances of fully recovering. Conservation planning is thus urgent, as current legislation based on fishing bans does very little for the species. International collaboration and longterm recovery measures are necessary, including the creation of MPAs specially designed for the species and captive maintenance aiming to monitor health status and carry out breeding attempts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the physiological vulnerability of the endemic and critically endangered Daggernose Shark: A comparative approach to other Carcharhiniformes

Wosnick

Chaves²,

Dias

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…Physiological assessments are paramount in understanding many aspects of shark behavior, migration, and stress responses, among others. In fact, recently physiology has been brought forth as indispensable in addressing current and future anthropogenic stressors that both directly and indirectly affect elasmobranchs ( Lyons et al, 2019 ), as it is clear that physiological impairments may significantly compromise fitness parameters and negatively affect population recruitment ( Wosnick et al, 2021 ). Expansion of comparative studies of hormone levels and migratory behavior, increasing the number of captured and tagged animals, as well as including those that have already reached sexual maturity, are strongly suggested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Almost nothing is known about the tiger shark in South Atlantic waters

Balanin

Hauser‐Davis

Giareta

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) has been relatively well assessed concerning biology and ecology aspects in both Atlantic and Pacific North America and in Caribbean waters. The amount of data in these regions has led to the species protection under capture quotas and with the creation of sanctuaries. The reality in developing countries, however, is the exact opposite, with scarce information on the species in the southern hemisphere, namely South American and African waters. In these regions, protection measures are insufficient, and studies on tiger shark biology and ecology are scarce, significantly hindering conservation and management efforts. Thus, the aim of this study was to compile scientific literature on the tiger shark in the South Atlantic and discuss the impact of these data (or lack thereof) distributed within a total of ten research categories for guiding management plans. In total, 41 scientific publications on different G. cuvier biology and ecology aspects were obtained. The most studied topics were Feeding Ecology (n = 12), followed by Human Interactions (n = 8), and Movements and Migration (n = 7). Northeastern Brazil (Southwest Atlantic) was the most researched area, probably due to the higher coastal abundance of tiger sharks in this area, alongside a high number of recorded attacks, justifying funding for studies in the region. No studies carried out in other South American or African countries were found. It is important to mention that even though some research topics are relatively well covered, a severe knowledge gap is noted for risk assessments and fisheries management, with a proposition for the implementation of sanctuaries noted. This is, however, particularly worrisome, as the South Atlantic is mostly unexplored in this regard for tiger sharks. It is also important to note how different the attention given to this species is in the North Atlantic when compared to the South region. Lastly, we highlight that the existence of sub-populations, the lack of migratory corridors geographically connecting distinct areas used by the species, and the lack of fisheries statistics on tiger shark landings, all increase the vulnerability of this species in the South Atlantic.

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“…So far, information regarding the influence of the exposure to trace elements on shark health is scarce and fragmentary, often obtained in a limited number of species or in a restricted region of the world [21,22]. Preliminary data revealed that in several species, such as the nurse shark and the spiny dogfish shark, trace elements, such as Pb, As, and Cd, affect reproduction, cardiac performance, homeostasis balance, and vascular dynamics [23][24][25]. Little is known on the putative impact of trace elements accumulation on the oxidative status of animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination by Trace Elements and Oxidative Stress in the Skeletal Muscle of Scyliorhinus canicula from the Central Tyrrhenian Sea

Filice

Reinero²,

Cerra

et al. 2023

Antioxidants

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Marine pollution, due to the regular discharge of contaminants by various anthropogenic sources, is a growing problem that imposes detrimental influences on natural species. Sharks, because of a diet based on smaller polluted animals, are exposed to the risk of water contamination and the subsequent bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Trace elements are very diffuse water pollutants and able to induce oxidative stress in a variety of marine organisms. However, to date, studies on sharks are rather scarce and often limited to mercury. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze the accumulation of trace elements and their putative correlation with the onset of an oxidative status in the muscle of the lesser spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula, from the Central Mediterranean Sea. Ecotoxicological analysis detected the presence of Pb, As, Cd, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Fe; no significant differences were observed between sexes, while a negative correlation was found between Pb and animal length. Analysis of oxidative stress markers showed either positive or negative correlation with respect to the presence of trace elements. Lipid peroxidation (TBARS) positively correlated with Zn, Ni, and Fe; SOD enzyme activity negatively correlated with Cu and Ni; LDH was negatively correlated with Fe and positively correlated with Pb. Moreover, positive correlations between the leukocyte count and Mn and Zn, as well as with LDH activity, were also observed. The data suggested that, in sharks, trace elements accumulation may affect oxidant and antioxidant processes with important outcomes for their physiology and health.

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Negative metal bioaccumulation impacts on systemic shark health and homeostatic balance

Cited by 27 publications

References 72 publications

Assessment of the physiological vulnerability of the endemic and critically endangered Daggernose Shark: A comparative approach to other Carcharhiniformes

Assessment of the physiological vulnerability of the endemic and critically endangered Daggernose Shark: A comparative approach to other Carcharhiniformes

Almost nothing is known about the tiger shark in South Atlantic waters

Contamination by Trace Elements and Oxidative Stress in the Skeletal Muscle of Scyliorhinus canicula from the Central Tyrrhenian Sea

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