Negative Inferences as Mediators of the Predictive Association Between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents

Mateos‐Pérez, Estibaliz; Calvete, Esther; Hankin, Benjamin L.

doi:10.1521/jscp.2015.34.3.259

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For example, in a longitudinal study with a sample of university students in Canada, endorsing more severe EMSs (e.g., abuse, defectiveness, and failure) predicted greater depression over time [ 13 ]. Consistent with findings in adults, these same relationships existed in studies conducted with adolescents [ 14 – 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Reciprocal associations between early maladaptive schemas and depression in adolescence: long-term effects of childhood abuse and neglect

Wang,

Gao,

Liu

et al. 2023

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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Background Adolescent depression has grown to be a major social concern in China. During the coronavirus pandemic, the incidence of depression among Chinese adolescents increased substantially. More research is required to inform the prevention and intervention of adolescent depression in China. Depression is associated with Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs). Childhood abuse and neglect are distal antecedents of adolescent depression. It is not known how depression and EMSs interact in adolescence and how childhood abuse and neglect contribute to this relationship. This study aimed to examine the reciprocal relationships between depression and EMSs, as well as the long-term effects of childhood abuse and neglect on depression and EMSs during adolescence. The work also investigates gender differences in these mechanisms. Methods Using a two-wave longitudinal design, we recruited 3,485 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 13.2; 43.2% females) from three Shanxi Province, China middle schools. All participants completed self-report questionnaires addressing childhood abuse and neglect, depression, and EMSs. Structural equation models examined reciprocal relationships between depression and EMS, as well as the effect of childhood abuse and neglect on depression and EMSs. Multi-group analysis addressed gender differences. Results Results indicated that greater depression predicted more EMSs measured later, but EMSs did not predict subsequent depression. Childhood abuse and neglect had different effects on depression and EMSs during adolescence. Specifically, exposure to childhood abuse related to more severe depression and EMSs in adolescence and contributed to the perpetuation of EMSs by increasing depression. Exposure to childhood neglect showed a direct effect on depression and indirectly reinforced subsequent EMSs through depression. There were no gender differences. Conclusion These findings contribute to a better understanding of the emergence and course of depression in early adolescence, suggesting that childhood abuse and neglect are critical early risk factors. Additionally, depression plays a key role in promoting schema perpetuation among adolescents exposed to childhood maltreatment, providing important implications for relevant prevention and intervention in early adolescence.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Reciprocal associations between early maladaptive schemas and depression in adolescence: long-term effects of childhood abuse and neglect

Wang,

Gao,

Liu

et al. 2023

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Moreover, evidence of external locus of control, social distress, depressive symptoms, low self-confidence and self-esteem, negative school perception, difficult parental relationships, personal maladjustment (with tendency to shyness), and severe emotional distress has been reported in children exposed to IPV (Brown, Fite, Stone, & Bortolato, 2016;Mateos-Pérez, Calvete, & Hankin, 2015;Seijo, Fariña, Corrás, Novo, & Arce, 2016). As regards external locus of control and sense of self-efficacy, some authors have concluded that children exposed to inter-parental conflict perceived high levels of threat and coping inefficacy and were at greater risk of internalizing disorders (Camisaca, Miragoli, Blasio, & Grych, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children exposed to intimate partner violence: impact assessment and guidelines for intervention

Cortiñas¹,

Rivera²,

Martínez

2018

RPCNA

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In recent years there have been significant changes in the system of protection of children and adolescents in Spain. One of the most important changes that has affected intimate partner violence (IPV) is the category of victims, which includes children who have been exposed to situations of gender-based violence among their parents. This study aims to analyze the impact that exposure to gender violence can have in children's psychological development, specifically in the emotional and social areas. We recruited 132 children whose mean age was 9.54 years (SD = 2.18), 47.7% were girls. Of this sample, 66 participants reported being exposed to situations of gender violence and the rest had not been exposed. Psychological adjustment was assessed through the self-reported version of the Child and Adolescent Behavior Assessment System (BASC-S2). The results indicated that children who have been exposed to gender violence have higher scores on psychosocial disorders compared to children from non-violent families. In global terms, the results showed that children exposed to violence show greater adaptive and emotional difficulties. A reflection on the identified needs and their implications for evaluation and intervention is presented.

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“…Therefore, there is no instrument that can be used in Spanish-speaking countries to evaluate women's traditional gender beliefs from a REBT perspective. This is important because studies in Spain have shown that dysfunctional cognitive schemas are related to psychological symptons [ 49 , 50 ]. In addition, studies have shown the importance of cognitive representations in the genesis and maintenance of gender-based violence [ 69 ], as well as in the predisposition to develop psychological disorders such as depression and stress in adolescents [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of women's traditional gender beliefs in depression, intimate partner violence and stress: insights from a Spanish abbreviated multicultural measure

et al. 2022

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Background Research on traditional gender beliefs has highlighted their psychological impact and social implications for women. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, we aimed to adapt and validate the Spanish version of the Multicultural O’Kelly Women’s Beliefs Scale. Next, we explored its sources of validity evidence in relation to intimate partner violence, stress, and depression. Based on the Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy framework, traditional gender beliefs were expected to be associated with higher levels of intimate partner violence, stress and depression. We also expected to obtain a psychometrically-sound factor structure of the Multicultural O’Kelly Women’s Beliefs Scale. Methods A sample of Spanish women (N = 322) completed the Multicultural O’Kelly Women’s Beliefs Scale, the Beck’s Depression Inventory II, the Modified Conflict Tactics Scale, and the Stress Perceived Scale. To test the psychometric properties of the Multicultural O’Kelly Women’s Beliefs Scale we implemented exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and an analysis of the area under the curve. Results Regarding the psychometric properties of the scale, statistical analysis revealed a one-factor dimensionality (Global traditionalism) and supported a reduction of items in the original instrument. The abbreviated version (eight items) obtained the best fit indices. Considering the association between traditional gender beliefs and psychological outcomes, we found that traditional gender beliefs were associated with increased severity of stress, depressive symptoms and reciprocal verbal aggression. Conclusion The Spanish adaptation of the Multicultural O’Kelly Women’s Beliefs Scale provided a very short, psychometrically robust and clinically relevant measure of traditional gender beliefs. In addition to the association between traditional gender beliefs and mental health outcomes, an important finding was the relationship between traditional gender beliefs and intimate partner violence. Our scale might be used in clinical settings by helping women to identify their traditional gender beliefs and replace them by healthy and goal-oriented beliefs, which would also contribute in achieving a more egalitarian society.

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Negative Inferences as Mediators of the Predictive Association Between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

Reciprocal associations between early maladaptive schemas and depression in adolescence: long-term effects of childhood abuse and neglect

Reciprocal associations between early maladaptive schemas and depression in adolescence: long-term effects of childhood abuse and neglect

Children exposed to intimate partner violence: impact assessment and guidelines for intervention

The role of women's traditional gender beliefs in depression, intimate partner violence and stress: insights from a Spanish abbreviated multicultural measure

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