Negative emotion and superficial social processing

Baron, Robert A.; Inman, Mary L.; Kao, Chuan Feng; Logan, Henrietta L.

doi:10.1007/bf00992970

Cited by 66 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…By definition, low status offers less control over valued resources and outcomes and more dependence on others' whims, and so these situations are more likely to be perceived as stressful in comparison with high status positions. Indeed, emotional and cognitive states such as stress lead to greater reliance on stereotypes (Baron, Inman, Kao, & Logan, 1992;Keinan, Friedland, & Even-Haim, 2000). Similarly, people are more likely to use stereotypes when they are busy (Gilbert & Hixon, 1991), pressed for time (Pratto & Bargh, 1991), tired or inattentive (Bodenhausen, 1990) and under the influence of alcohol (von Hippel, Sekaquaptewa, & Vergas, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Gender, status and the use of power strategies

Keshet

Kark

Pomerantz-Zorin

et al. 2006

Euro J Social Psych

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The present study examined the effects of gender and status on the use of power strategies. The experiment consisted of a computer-based problem-solving task performed in pairs, where participants interacted with simulated long-distance partners. Participants were 36 female and 38 male undergraduate students, who were assigned to be influencing agents and were required to convince their partners to accept their help in the problem-solving process. Status was manipulated by the extent to which partners were dependent upon the participants' resources. Partners were either same sex or other sex. Results indicated an interactive effect of agent gender by status. Men used more frequently 'masculine'-typed and less frequently 'feminine'-typed strategies than did women in low status positions, whereas in high status positions no significant gender differences in power strategy choices were found. These findings suggest that gender differences and similarities vary according to social contexts. Implications of the findings for both theory and practice are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Gender, status and the use of power strategies

Keshet

Kark

Pomerantz-Zorin

et al. 2006

Euro J Social Psych

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“…Furthermore, although several studies have examined the effects of trait and state anxiety on social impression formation (e.g., Baron, Inman, Kao, & Logan, 1992;Curtis & Locke, 2007), little is known about whether and how anxiety affects social-cognitive processes involved in perspective taking.…”

Section: Anxiety and Mental-state Reasoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxious and egocentric: How specific emotions influence perspective taking.

Todd

Forstmann

Burgmer

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

131

108

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People frequently feel anxious. Although prior research has extensively studied how feeling anxious shapes intrapsychic aspects of cognition, much less is known about how anxiety affects interpersonal aspects of cognition. Here, we examine the influence of incidental experiences of anxiety on perceptual and conceptual forms of perspective taking. Compared with participants experiencing other negative, high-arousal emotions (i.e., anger or disgust) or neutral feelings, anxious participants displayed greater egocentrism in their mental-state reasoning: They were more likely to describe an object using their own spatial perspective, had more difficulty resisting egocentric interference when identifying an object from others' spatial perspectives, and relied more heavily on privileged knowledge when inferring others' beliefs. Using both experimental-causal-chain and measurement-of-mediation approaches, we found that these effects were explained, in part, by uncertainty appraisal tendencies. Further supporting the role of uncertainty, a positive emotion associated with uncertainty (i.e., surprise) produced increases in egocentrism that were similar to anxiety. Collectively, the results suggest that incidentally experiencing emotions associated with uncertainty increase reliance on one's own egocentric perspective when reasoning about the mental states of others.

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“…This conclusion is consistent with findings that anxiety reduces performance in tasks that rely on memory (Eysenck, 1992). Curtis and Locke, proposed that the results of both Wilder andShapiro's (1989a, 1989b) studies, and illusory-correlation studies of anxiety and person perception (Baron et al, 1992;Friedland et al, 1999), could be explained by source monitoring errors.…”

Section: Theoretical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies employing an illusory-correlation methodology (Hamilton & Rose, 1980) have also suggested that anxiety increases stereotyping in social judgments (Baron, Inman, Kao, & Logan, 1992;Friedland, Keinan, & Tytiun, 1999). In these studies, participants were presented with a list of traits about members of stereotyped groups.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Don't be Happy, Worry: Positive Mood, but not Anxiety, Increases Stereotyping in a Mock-Juror Decision-Making Task

Curtis

2013

Psychiatry, Psychology and Law

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Moods and emotions have the potential to influence the decisions made by jurors.Two theories predict that when people are anxious they will rely more on stereotypes when evaluating other people. However, research results have been equivocal as to whether anxiety increases the use of stereotypes in evaluations of other people. Study 1 (N = 127) and Study 2 (N = 279) used a juror decision-making task to examine whether anxiety would increase the application of stereotypes, and it did not. However, the same task in Study 3 (N = 195) detected increased stereotyping by happy participants. These findings support conclusions that anxiety may not increase stereotyping in social judgments to the extent previously believed. Because of this, there is little cause for worry on the part of those involved in the legal system that anxiety experienced by jurors will lead them to make biased judgments based on social stereotypes.

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Negative emotion and superficial social processing

Cited by 66 publications

References 23 publications

Gender, status and the use of power strategies

Gender, status and the use of power strategies

Anxious and egocentric: How specific emotions influence perspective taking.

Don't be Happy, Worry: Positive Mood, but not Anxiety, Increases Stereotyping in a Mock-Juror Decision-Making Task

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