Negative effects of long-term feeding of high-grain diets to lactating goats on milk fat production and composition by regulating gene expression and DNA methylation in the mammary gland

et al. 2020

BMC Genet

Background: Buffalo milk is considered as a highly nutritious food owing to its higher contents of fatty acids (FA) and rich nutrient profile. Higher fat contents of buffalo milk make it suitable for processing to develop various healthy and nutritious products. Moreover, buffalo milk contains more unsaturated FAs (UFA) such as oleic and linolenic acid, which are important from the human health point of view owing to their desirable physiological effects. However, inadequate information is available about the chemical composition and mechanism of FA synthesis in buffalo milk. In this study, we hypothesized that expression of SCD1 gene could alter the biosynthesis of FA in epithelial cells of mammary gland and subsequently affect the FA contents in buffalo milk. We investigated the transcriptional and biological role of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1) in the buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) during FA and triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis. Results: Results revealed that unsaturated fatty acid contents were much higher in concentration in buffalo milk as compared to Holstein cow. Significant increase in the expression level of FAS, ACACA, SREBP1, PPARG, GPAT, and AGPAT genes was observed in response to altered expression of SCD1 in buffalo milk. Moreover, change in SCD1 gene in BMECs also mediated the expression of genes related to FA biosynthesis subsequently leading to alter the FA composition. Overexpression of SCD1 significantly increased the expression of genes associated with FA and TAG synthesis leading to enhance FA and unsaturated FA contents in BMECs. However, down-regulation of SCD1 exhibited opposite consequences. Conclusion: Our study provides mechanistic insights on transcriptional regulation of SCD1 to alter FA and TAG synthesis through directly or indirectly mediating biosynthesis and metabolic pathways in BMECs. We provide preliminary findings regarding engineering of FA contents in buffalo milk through SCD1 signaling.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1) in buffalo milk

et al. 2020

BMC Genet

“…Moreover, down-regulation of SCD1 can lead to decrease in expression of genes related to TAG synthesis and results in lower cellular TAG contents in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes [36], as observed in the present study. Moreover, down-regulation of gene expression in the mammary gland has been reported to contribute to the overall decrease in milk fat synthesis [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1) in Buffalo milk

et al. 2020

Preprint

Background: Buffalo milk is considered as a highly nutritious food owing to its higher contents of fatty acids (FA)and rich nutrient profile. Higher fat contents of buffalo milk make it suitable for processing to develop various healthy and nutritious products. Moreover, buffalo milk contains more unsaturated FAs (UFA) such as oleic and linolenic acid, which are important from the human health point of view owing to their desirable physiological effects. However, inadequate information is available about the chemical composition and mechanism of FA synthesis in buffalo milk. In this study, we hypothesized that expression of SCD 1 gene could alter the biosynthesis of FA in epithelial cells of mammary gland and subsequently affect the FA contents in b uffalo milk. We investigated the transcriptional and biological role of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 ( SCD 1) in the buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) during FA and triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis. Results : Results revealed that unsaturated fatty acid contents were much higher in concentration in buffalo milk as compared to Holstein cow. Significant increase in the expression level of FAS , ACACA , SREBP 1, PPARG , GPAT , and AGPAT genes was observed in response to altered expression of SCD 1 in buffalo milk . Moreover, change in SCD1 gene in BMECs also mediated the expression of genes related to FA biosynthesis subsequently leading to alter the FA composition. Overexpression of SCD1 significantly increased the expression of genes associated with FA and TAG synthesis leading to enhance FA and unsaturated FA contents in BMECs. However, down-regulation of SCD1 exhibited opposite consequences. Conclusion: Our study provides mechanistic insights on transcriptional regulation of SCD 1 to alter FA and TAG synthesis through directly or indirectly mediating biosynthesis and metabolic pathways in BMECs. We provide preliminary findings regarding engineering of FA contents in buffalo milk through SCD 1 signaling.

“…Moreover, downregulation of SCD1 can led to decrease in expression of genes related to TAG synthesis and results in lower cellular TAG content in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes [33], which are similar to our findings. And a general down-regulation of the gene expression in the mammary gland has been reported to contribute to the decrease in milk fat production [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1) in Buffalo milk

et al. 2019

Preprint

Background: Nutritionally, buffalo milk is of immense importance due to high contents of fatty acid (FA), highly energetic and nutritive value. The composition of FA has been regarded as functional food component, which facilitate to manufacture a variety of processed milk products. Moreover, Buffalo milk contains more unsaturated FAs (UFA) such as oleic and linolenic acids, which have been shown to exert a number of physiological effects. However, inadequate information reported about the chemical composition and mechanism of FA synthesis in buffalo milk. Our conducted research hypothesize that, the expression of SCD1 gene could alter the biosynthesis of fatty acid (FA) in epithelial cells of mammary gland and subsequently affect the FA contents in buffalo milk. Present study investigated transcriptional and biological role of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1) in the buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) during FA and triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis. Results: Results showed that unsaturated fatty acid contents are much higher in concentration in buffalo milk as compared to Holstein cow. Significantly, higher expression level of FAS, ACACA, SREBP1, PPARG, GPAT and AGPAT genes were also been observed with the expression of the SCD1 in buffalo milk. Moreover, studies showed that, SCD1 gene alteration in BMECs also causes the change in the expression of FA synthesis related genes mentioned above and subsequently affect the FA composition in the cells. Overexpression of SCD1 significantly increased the expression of genes associated with FA and TAG synthesis and also improved the FA and unsaturated FA contents in BMECs, while down-regulation of SCD1 appear opposite consequences. Conclusion: Thus, present study clearly demonstrated that, alteration in the expression of SCD1 plays an important role in FA and TAG synthesis and can directly or indirectly affect biosynthesis and metabolic pathways in BMECs and may be used as a symbol for important mechanism that contributes the characterization of buffalo milk.