Negative Bias During Early Attentional Engagement in Major Depressive Disorder as Examined Using a Two-Stage Model: High Sensitivity to Sad but Bluntness to Happy Cues

Ao, Xiang; Mo, Licheng; Wei, Zhaoguo; Yu, Wenwen; Zhou, Fang; Zhang, Dandan

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.593010

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“… 50 In another study, the MDD group showed enhanced P300 amplitudes following valid than invalid sad cues, indicating that more attentional resources were allocated to sad emotion. 51 Similarly, our study found that the depression group showed larger P300 amplitudes for sad and surprise faces than those in the healthy group. At this stage, there were also differences in P300 amplitudes in three brain regions in the face of different emotions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

The Neural Correlates of the Recognition of Emotional Intensity Deficits in Major Depression: An ERP Study

Zhang

Chen-guang

Wang

et al. 2023

NDT

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Purpose Deficits in facial emotional intensity recognition have been associated with social cognition in patients with major depression. The study examined multiple event-related potential (ERP) components in patients with major depression and investigated the relationships between ERPs, social cognition, and clinical features. Participants and Methods Thirty-one patients met DSM-IV diagnosis of depression and 31 healthy participants completed the emotion intensity recognition task (EIRT), while ERPs were recorded. Data on ERP components (P100, N170, P200, and P300) were analyzed. Results The behavioral results showed that patients with major depression performed worse on EIRT, including all six categories of emotions (sadness, disgust, happiness, surprise, anger, and fear), compared to healthy participants. The ERP results showed that patients with major depression exhibited higher P100 amplitudes for sad and happy faces than healthy participants; P300 amplitudes induced by sad and surprise faces were also higher than in healthy participants, mainly in the central and temporal lobes. A positive correlation was found between sadness intensity scores and P100 amplitudes in patients with major depression. Conclusion Patients with major depression are biased in their identification of facial expressions indicating emotional intensity. Specifically, they have emotional biases in the early and late stages of cognitive processing, mainly in the form of sensitivity to sad stimuli. It may lead to a persistent rumination of sadness that is detrimental to the remission of depression. Additionally, patients with major depression devote different amounts of cognitive resources for different intensities of sad faces during the preconscious stage of cognitive processing. The more intense their perception of sadness, the more cognitive resources they devote. Therefore, the assessment of the intensity of facial expressions is an important research topic, with clinical implications on social cognitive function in patients with major depression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

The Neural Correlates of the Recognition of Emotional Intensity Deficits in Major Depression: An ERP Study

Zhang

Chen-guang

Wang

et al. 2023

NDT

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“…Participants were asked to respond to letter cues on either the left or the right side of the screen, following the exposure to a negative stimulus. The null findings could be due to such factors as the lack of reliability in these earlier measurements (Chapman et al, 2019), disparities in stimuli exposure times, and other inconsistencies in aims and methodologies (Ao et al, 2020;Ji et al, 2017). Overall, while there is abundant evidence on attentional biases in depression, it is important to consider the task characteristics and contextual factors in interpreting findings (Mathews & MacLeod, 2005).…”

Section: Attentionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Negative information processing.

Deng¹,

Joormann²

2023

Treatment of Psychosocial Risk Factors in Depression.

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“…There is a lack of consensus on whether negative attentional bias occurs at early attention stages. It is demonstrated that patients with depression show a attentional bias toward congruent sadness at 100 ms, indicating that negative attention bias occurs in the early stage of attention (Trapp et al, 2018;Ao et al, 2020). While Cao found that the negative attention bias of patients with depression appeared after 6 s, suggesting that attention bias does not occur until the later stage of cognitive processing (Shuang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Age and Negative Emotional Type A Ect Attention Processing I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, functional brain imaging studies have demonstrated that the intensity of cortical activity, such as in the right prefrontal and right parietal lobe, weakens in depression, and that this cortical function is primarily associated with functions such as attentional selection and transfer (Skinner et al, 2018;Yaroslavsky et al, 2019). However, the electrophysiological indicators involved in the two-stage model framework of emotional attention regulation suggest that patients with depression mostly exhibit an enhanced P3 amplitude and negative bias during early attention allocation (Ao et al, 2020). However, controversy remains concerning the occurrence stage of negative attention bias, and this may be related to the lack of consistency in the emotional stimulus types and presentation time in the various studies.…”

Section: Patients With Depression Showed Attentional Maintenance Of N...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional stimulation processing characteristics in depression: Meta-analysis of eye tracking findings

Huang

Zhu

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the attentional bias in patients with depression toward emotional stimuli and to explore eye movement indicators and potential regulatory variables that can distinguish such patients from healthy individuals.MethodsCase–control studies regarding eye-tracking in major depressive disorder published in PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, The Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP databases from database initiation until March 12, 2022 were included in the present meta-analysis. Two researchers independently screened the literature and performed data extraction. The quality of the literature was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale.RevMan 5.4 software was used for Meta-analysis.ResultsOverall, 14 studies were included, including 1,167 participants (Ndepression = 474; Nhealthy = 693). We found that (1) fixation duration was significantly lower for positive emotional stimuli in the depression group than that in the healthy group; however, for negative stimuli, the fixation duration was significantly more in the depression group than in the healthy group. No significant difference was observed in terms of neutral emotional stimuli between groups. (2) Patients with depression exhibited a significantly lower fixation count for positive emotional stimuli than healthy individuals, whereas the fixation count for negative emotional stimuli was significantly higher in the depression group than in the healthy group. No significant difference was found for neutral emotional stimuli between groups. (3) No significant difference was detected in terms of the first fixation duration of the positive, negative, and neutral emotional stimuli between groups. (4) subgroup analysis indicated that age effected fixation duration for positive emotional stimuli. In addition, age and the type of negative emotional picture (sad, dysphoric, threat, anger) effected fixation duration for negative emotional stimuli.ConclusionOur research supports that patients with depression exhibit a negative attention bias toward emotional stimuli, and the fixation duration and fixation counts may be used as auxiliary objective indicators for depression screening.

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Negative Bias During Early Attentional Engagement in Major Depressive Disorder as Examined Using a Two-Stage Model: High Sensitivity to Sad but Bluntness to Happy Cues

Cited by 11 publications

References 89 publications

The Neural Correlates of the Recognition of Emotional Intensity Deficits in Major Depression: An ERP Study

The Neural Correlates of the Recognition of Emotional Intensity Deficits in Major Depression: An ERP Study

Negative information processing.

Emotional stimulation processing characteristics in depression: Meta-analysis of eye tracking findings

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