Negative anticipatory contrast: Does it involve anticipation of an impending reward?

Onishi, Barbara K.A.; Xavier, Gilberto Fernando

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2010.12.008

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Finally, it is possible that the absence of behavioral contrast in the cued version arises because a certain degree of unpredictability and arousal is necessary for behavioral contrast (Reynolds, 1961). In situations that are highly predictable and less arousing, contrast effects would not be as effective in directing or changing behavior over time (Onishi and Xavier, 2011). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion and relative reward processing: An investigation on instrumental successive negative contrast and ultrasonic vocalizations in the rat

Binkley¹,

Webber²,

Powers³

et al. 2014

Behavioural Processes

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Incentive contrast effects include changes in behavioral responses after a reward upshift (positive contrast) or downshift (negative contrast). Proposed influences on these behavioral changes are emotional state reactions after experiencing or anticipating a change in reward outcome. Rat ultrasonic vocalizations have been shown to be indicators of emotional state during behavior and anticipatory periods. The objective of the present study was to monitor rodent ultrasounds during incentive contrast using a classical runway procedure called instrumental successive negative contrast. The procedure is one that has been used often to examine incentive relativity because of its reliability in measuring negative contrast effects. Rats were trained to run in the alleyway to receive a high (12 pellets) or low magnitude (1 pellet) outcome. The high magnitude was then shifted to the low and running speeds in the alleyway for the reward and USV emission were compared. Replicating previous work, a negative contrast effect was observed with postshift running speeds significantly slower in the shifted group compared to the unshifted group. USVs did not follow the same pattern with an apparent lack of significant differences between the groups following the reward downshift. We also tested another group of animals using a visual predictive cue in the same runway test. When visual cues predicted high or low magnitude outcome, no incentive contrast was found for the running speeds following an outcome downshift, but a weak contrast effect was observed for the USV emission. These results demonstrate a separation between USVs and behavioral indicators of incentive contrast suggesting that concomitant shifts in negative affect may not be necessary for anticipatory relative reward processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion and relative reward processing: An investigation on instrumental successive negative contrast and ultrasonic vocalizations in the rat

Binkley¹,

Webber²,

Powers³

et al. 2014

Behavioural Processes

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“…Flaherty and Rowan (1985) proposed that exposure to the first solution, together with the context of its presentation, allows a comparison between the different solution values by invoking an internal representation of the impending preferred solution. Flaherty (1996) considered three general mechanisms by which this might lead to a reduction in consumption of the first solution: a relative devaluation of the first solution; spatial competition from goal tracking (i.e., the animal repeatedly approaches the location of the not-yet accessible second solution); or response inhibition, where the animal learns to inhibit intake of the first solution because the second solution is more rewarding (see also Flaherty et al, 1995;Onishi & Xavier, 2011). Of these, the devaluation account is perhaps the most plausible.…”

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confidence: 99%

Microstructural analysis of negative anticipatory contrast: A reconsideration of the devaluation account

2013

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An animal's appetitive behavior is not a fixed response to current stimulation but can be affected by the anticipation of future events. For example, rats regularly given access to a moderately valued solution followed by a higher value solution (e.g., 4 % sucrose → 32 % sucrose) consume less of the initial solution than in control conditions where the initial solution is not followed by a higher value solution (e.g., 4 % sucrose → 4 % sucrose). Previous analyses have suggested that this negative anticipatory contrast effect does not depend on the "expectation" of a valuable stimulus producing a functional devaluation of a currently available stimulus of lesser value. In a withinsubjects anticipatory contrast procedure, this study revealed that both consumption and the mean size of licking clusters were smaller for a 4 % sucrose solution on days when it preceded 32 % sucrose than on days when 4 % preceded 4 %. Since lick cluster size typically bears a positive monotonic relationship with the concentration of palatable solutions, this reduction is indicative of a decrease in the palatability/hedonic value of the solution subject to contrast. As such, we provide direct evidence that negative anticipatory contrast does produce a functional devaluation of the solution, thus challenging prevailing theoretical assumptions.

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“…In their 1994 study, Flaherty et al proposed three mechanisms for explaining ANC behavioral manifestations: 1) a progressive devaluation of the first food source when anticipating a preferred option; 2) competing behavioral responses, such as spatial competition with the unavailable port, reducing the amount of time dedicated to licking/eating; and 3) active inhibition of the urge to consume the less preferred option despite animals, in some experiments, being motivated by food restriction. While interpretations based on data from variations of the ANC paradigm mostly support ANC resulting from a reward devaluation of the first food source (Flaherty and Rowan, 1995; [52]; see also discussion [41]) there have been some conflicting findings as to how the motivational state of the animal (i.e. food restriction) [15,50] and the nature of the predictors (contextual vs flavors) [17,32] impact ANC development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive and motivational factors influencing anticipatory contrast: A comparison of contextual and gustatory predictors in food restricted and free-fed rats

Hayes

Garau

Chiacchierini

et al. 2021

Physiology & Behavior

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In anticipation of palatable food, rats can learn to restrict consumption of a less rewarding food type resulting in an increased consumption of the preferred food when it is made available. This construct is known as anticipatory negative contrast (ANC) and can help elucidate the processes that underlie binge-like behavior as well as self-control in rodent motivation models. In the current investigation we aimed to shed light on the ability of distinct predictors of a preferred food choice to generate contrast effects and the motivational processes that underlie this behavior. Using a novel set of rewarding solutions, we directly compared contextual and gustatory ANC predictors in both food restricted and free-fed Sprague-Dawley rats. Our results indicate that, despite being food restricted, rats are selective in their eating behavior and show strong contextually-driven ANC similar to free-fed animals. These differences mirrored changes in palatability for the less preferred solution across the different sessions as measured by lick microstructure analysis. In contrast to previous research, predictive cues in both food restricted and free-fed rats were sufficient for ANC to develop although flavor-driven ANC did not relate to a corresponding change in lick patterning. These differences in the lick microstructure between context-and flavor-driven ANC indicate that the motivational processes underlying ANC generated by the two predictor types are distinct. Moreover, an increase in premature port entries to the unavailable sippera second measure of ANCin all groups reveals a direct influence of response competition on ANC development.

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Negative anticipatory contrast: Does it involve anticipation of an impending reward?

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Emotion and relative reward processing: An investigation on instrumental successive negative contrast and ultrasonic vocalizations in the rat

Emotion and relative reward processing: An investigation on instrumental successive negative contrast and ultrasonic vocalizations in the rat

Microstructural analysis of negative anticipatory contrast: A reconsideration of the devaluation account

Predictive and motivational factors influencing anticipatory contrast: A comparison of contextual and gustatory predictors in food restricted and free-fed rats

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