Negative Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption Behaviors in an Australian Army Combat Brigade

Selman, Jason; Rogers, Rona; Molloy, Sara

doi:10.1093/milmed/usz406

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 38 publications

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“…Similar findings can be seen in a 2019 study using the U.S. Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (U.S.‐AUDIT) and the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) where veterans demonstrated scores of higher alcohol usage if they were also tobacco users that were consistent with a higher level than their civilian counterparts (Albright, Holmes, Lawson, et al., 2020). Additionally, on the international platform, studies have shown that military involved individuals have a higher prevalence rate of tobacco usage than their nonmilitary counterparts (Abdullah et al., 2014; Selman et al., 2020; Tien et al., 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural health outcomes in veterans compared to nonveterans by rural and urban areas in Alabama, 2015–2018

Albright

Fletcher

Thomas

et al. 2021

Health Social Care Comm

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Substance use is pervasive among United States military veterans. According to the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 3.7 million military veterans were diagnosed with a substance use disorder (SUD), with 80.2% reporting alcohol misuse, 26.7% reporting illicit drug use and 7% reporting both illicit drug use and alcohol misuse (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2020). Within a military context, substance use may increase within specific contexts, such as increased illicit drug use upon discharge from active duty military service (as use during service is not tolerated; Seal et al., 2011). In addition, prior research found that

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural health outcomes in veterans compared to nonveterans by rural and urban areas in Alabama, 2015–2018

Albright

Fletcher

Thomas

et al. 2021

Health Social Care Comm

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“We’re tough, but so is quitting.” Barriers to Smoking Cessation: The Royal Malaysian Navy Perspective

2023

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Introduction Tobacco kills half of its users. Despite this, there are over 1.1 billion smokers worldwide. Its harmful effects impair performance and readiness. Unfortunately, smoking has deeply ingrained in the military culture, as evidenced by the high prevalence. Hence, this study aims to identify the barriers to smoking cessation among this population. Methods A study involving two groups of current smokers (commissioned officers and non-commissioned officers) was conducted using the modified nominal group technique (mNGT), a qualitative research method of judgmental decision-making involving four phases: Generating ideas, recording, evaluation, and prioritization. The mNGT was used to solicit respondents’ barriers to smoking cessation. Results The mNGT yielded seven main barriers to smoking cessation: (1) Addiction, (2) difficulty in staying focused without the usage of cigarettes, (3) smoking has been incorporated into an individual’s lifestyle, (4) environmental influence, (5) coping mechanism, (6) the long-interval period between orders and duties exacerbates the desire to smoke, and (7) smoking has evolved into a permanent habit. Although nicotine addiction and habit were ranked as the most important barriers, the military working environment and nature of the job exposed them physically and mentally to unfavorable situations, complicating the quitting attempt. Furthermore, the acceptance of smoking in military culture leads to a positive smoker identity, further hindering cessation. Conclusions The findings indicate that in addition to barriers affecting the general population, military-specific barriers related to the nature of the job exist, complicating cessation. Hence, any intervention program should address these barriers to achieve positive outcomes.

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The Impact of Military Tobacco Control Policy: A Systematic Review

Hashim,

Bin Sebri,

Bin Mohd Hanim

et al. 2024

Military Medicine

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Introduction Tobacco use is synonymous with the military. Despite that military personnel are trained to follow commands, opportunities exist to implement various tobacco control strategies. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the impact of tobacco control policy employed in military settings. Materials and Methods We searched for published English articles in Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using relevant subject headings without year restriction. We included randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized controlled trials, case–control, cohort, controlled before and after, and uncontrolled before and after studies evaluating the impact of tobacco control policy in the military population. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, three independent reviewers independently screened initially identified articles, reviewed the full text, and extracted the data and any disagreements resolved by consensus after data recheck. Five reviewers used a validated tool to assess the quality of the included studies. The primary outcome was the reduction of any tobacco or nicotine-contained products (TNCPs) use among the troops. The impacts of the tobacco control policy were synthesized and analyzed qualitatively. This study is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Review (CRD42022314117). Results Fourteen studies were included in the analysis from 5372 studies screened. Most of the studies were from the USA, and fractions were from Thailand, France, and Taiwan. These studies were methodologically heterogeneous. Most studies employed a total ban policy on TNCP use during basic military training or operational deployment as the primary strategy. Other methods utilized were the brief tobacco intervention, targeted treatment, support, and counseling provided through telephone or mailing systems, the adjunctive behavioral intervention, providing free nicotine gum, the “Pharsai clinic”, active and regular smoking restriction, and interventions aimed at intrapersonal, interpersonal, and organizational levels. There is a moderate quality of evidence that the tobacco control policies effectively reduced the prevalence of TNCP use, increased the cessation rate, reduced the intake, and lowered the dependency. The adjunctive interventions provided after the total ban on TNCP use may increase its effectiveness. However, findings from this review need to be carefully considered as the definition of TNCP use status was not universal between studies and lacked a biochemical validation procedure. Conclusions There is reasonable evidence to support that the tobacco control policy employed in the military population has multiple positive impacts in reducing the prevalence of TNCP use, increasing the cessation rates, reducing the intake, and lowering dependency. Other evidence-based strategies need to be fully utilized to materialize the tobacco endgame.

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Negative Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption Behaviors in an Australian Army Combat Brigade

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Behavioural health outcomes in veterans compared to nonveterans by rural and urban areas in Alabama, 2015–2018

Behavioural health outcomes in veterans compared to nonveterans by rural and urban areas in Alabama, 2015–2018

“We’re tough, but so is quitting.” Barriers to Smoking Cessation: The Royal Malaysian Navy Perspective

The Impact of Military Tobacco Control Policy: A Systematic Review

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