Negative affect, message reactance and perceived risk: how do pictorial cigarette pack warnings change quit intentions?

Hall, Marissa G.; Sheeran, Paschal; Noar, Seth M.; Boynton, Marcella H.; Ribisl, Kurt M.; Parada, Humberto; Johnson, Trent O; Brewer, Noel T.

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053972

Cited by 78 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…Andrews and colleagues (2014) found that warning graphicness increased fear, which positively predicted negative beliefs about the health consequences of smoking, which produced stronger thoughts about quitting. Similar results have emerged in a longitudinal study of smokers in the US and Canada (but not Mexico or Australia) (Cho et al, 2017) and in another longitudinal study of US smokers (Hall et al, 2017). We thus offer a fourth, competing hypothesis:…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…It predicts that negative affect relates to smoking behavior directly by motivating behavior but also indirectly by functioning as a heuristic that informs risk beliefs, which in turn influence behavior. Evidence consistent with this dual-pathway model has emerged in research described above (Andrews et al, 2014; Cho et al, 2017; Emery et al, 2014; Evans et al, 2015; Hall et al, 2017), so we predict:…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Second, our data support the contention that negative affect promotes acceptance of health risk beliefs, serving a heuristic or informational function (Loewenstein et al, 2001; Peters et al, 2006). This is not the first time scholars have documented a dual purpose for negative affect in the context of GWL effects (Evans et al, 2015; Hall et al, 2017). Although risk beliefs did not predict adults’ quit intentions in our experiment manipulating GWL size, our first experiment replicates this finding with a low-income population of adult smokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Emery and colleagues (2014) found that including a picture indirectly decreased desire to smoke through self-reported worry. In other experiments comparing text-only and pictorial GWLs, negative affect has mediated GWL effects on adult smokers’ quit intentions (Evans et al, 2015; Hall et al, 2017). Similar findings have emerged with fear mediating the relationship between GWL graphicness and quit-related outcomes for adolescent smokers (Andrews, Netemeyer, Kees, & Burton, 2014) and adult smokers (Kees, Burton, Andrews, & Kozup, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Testing competing explanations for graphic warning label effects among adult smokers and non-smoking youth

Skurka

Byrne

Davydova

et al. 2018

Social Science & Medicine

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Rationale The U.S. courts have blocked the implementation of graphic warning labels on cigarette packages (GWLs). This decision was based, in part, on the premise that GWLs are unnecessarily emotional and are meant to scare rather than inform consumers about smoking’s health effects. However, research in judgment and decision-making suggests these relationships are more complex. Objective In this paper, we drew on several theoretical frameworks that lead to competing hypotheses about the relationships between negative affect, health risk beliefs, and quit intentions (among adult smokers) or susceptibility to start smoking (among non-smoking youth). Method We tested these competing mediation models using data from two experiments with two populations each—adult smokers (N=313, 238) and primarily non-smoking middle-school youth (N=340, 237). Using mobile recruitment methods, we focused specifically on individuals from socioeconomically disadvantaged communities in rural and urban areas of the Northeastern U.S. Results The best fitting model across all four datasets was one in which label-induced negative affect (a) directly predicted intentions/susceptibility but also (b) indirectly predicted intentions/susceptibility via risk beliefs. Although mediation analyses did not demonstrate significant serial mediation effects of GWL exposure on intentions/susceptibility through negative affect then risk beliefs, there was some evidence that GWL exposure indirectly promoted adults’ quit intentions through negative affect. Additionally, negative affect consistently mediated the indirect effect of GWL exposure on strengthened risk beliefs among adults and youth. Conclusions These results speak to the importance of negative affect in directly motivating adult smokers’ quit intentions but also serving an informational function, directing adult smokers and non-smoking youth to accept the health risks of smoking.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Testing competing explanations for graphic warning label effects among adult smokers and non-smoking youth

Skurka

Byrne

Davydova

et al. 2018

Social Science & Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another study of packs illustrates the complexity of understanding potential policy impacts. US smokers were randomly assigned to receive either pictorial or text-only health warnings applied to their cigarette packs across a 4-week period, completing a baseline and follow-up survey which measured intentions to quit smoking and several mediating variables 10. Pictorial warnings were found to increase quit intentions by increasing negative affect.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%