Negation in Gur

Winkelmann, Kerstin; Miehe, Gudrun

doi:10.1075/tsl.87.10mie

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Likpakpaanl is noun class language (Winkelmann 2012;Bisilki & Akpanglo-Nartey 2017). The noun classes are realised in morphological markers affixed to nouns.…”

Section: The Typological Features Of Likpakpaanlmentioning

confidence: 99%

causative construction in Likpakpaanl (Konkomba)

Bisilki

2024

sal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article is a contribution to the cross-linguistic discussion on causation. It proceeds on the note that causation is a significant notion, both cognitively and grammatically. I make a case that the Mabia (Gur) languages of West Africa are severely under-represented in the literature on causation. I then focus on causation in Likpakpaanl, an under-researched Mabia language spoken in Ghana and Togo in West Africa. I further present data from thirteen other related West African languages for comparative purposes. Broadly speaking, Likpakpaanl deploys all the traditional causation strategies- lexical, morphological, serialising and analytic. However, the use of nasals, especially vowel nasality as a causativisers is novel and uniquely places Likpakpaanl among its linguistic relatives. The Likpakpaanl analytic causative marker chà has a functional scope for both factitive and permissive causatives. In a sense, the source of the specialised analytic causative marker in Likpakpaanl diverges from the oft-cited cross-linguistic source of analytic causative markers. The Likpakpaanl biclausal causative is the balanced structure and, therefore, aligns well with the biclausal causative structure described for the West African linguistic area, contra the deraked structure of Indo-European languages. A thorough investigation of the constellation of causatives in Mabia promises new insights into causative typology.

show abstract

“…Likpakpaanl is noun class language (Winkelmann 2012;Bisilki & Akpanglo-Nartey 2017). The noun classes are realised in morphological markers affixed to nouns.…”

Section: The Typological Features Of Likpakpaanlmentioning

confidence: 99%

causative construction in Likpakpaanl (Konkomba)

Bisilki

2024

sal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hence, tones are separate features that are linked to the vowel, but not really part of the vowel. Doneux (1965), Hegeman (1992, Manessy (1993), Prost (1979) as cited in Winkelmann (2007). Winkelmann (2007) attempts a comprehensive analysis of Bàtọ ǹu's noun suffixes and their characteristic concords.…”

Section: A Utosegmental P Honologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Doneux (1965), Hegeman (1992, Manessy (1993), Prost (1979) as cited in Winkelmann (2007). Winkelmann (2007) attempts a comprehensive analysis of Bàtọ ǹu's noun suffixes and their characteristic concords. He submits among others that the initial consonants of the class pronouns are also found with the noun suffixes except for class which has the suffix -u.…”

Section: A Utosegmental P Honologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He submits among others that the initial consonants of the class pronouns are also found with the noun suffixes except for class which has the suffix -u. Beyond the already established NCMs, Winkelmann (2007) includes in his analysis of NC the different distributions of the pronominal agreements and formulates rules to capture their distributions or occurrences. Dixon (1986: 106) in (Contini-Morava, 2002: 2) establishes that in terms of the realization, noun classes always constitute a closed grammatical system, on a par with number and case and tense (where any member can be specified as the complement of the other members of the system e.g., 'not masculine or neuter' must be 'feminine' in Latin).…”

Section: A Utosegmental P Honologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prosodic Analysis of Noun Class Markers in the Syntax of BÀTỌ̀NU Language

A.,

S. A.

2024

International Journal of Literature, Language and Linguistics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The grammatical derivation of languages varies, leading to language specificity. In particular, languages with noun classes have unique methods of realizing them through prefixing and sometimes suffixing, such as in the Bàtọ̀nu language. This study focuses on the interface between syntax and phonology in the grammatical realization of the noun class system in the Bàtọ̀nu language, spoken in the Baruteen Local Government Area of Kwara State in Nigeria. Interviews were conducted to gather data, supplemented by secondary sources. Theoretical principles from Government and Binding Theory (GB) and Autosegmental Phonology were used to represent sentence structure and the tonal analysis of the data. Previous research established that the language has seven noun class markers (NCM). We found that phonological features, such as labialization, nasalization, and tone, can influence and determine the grammatical functions of class markers in languages that attest to them. In the case of Bàtọ́nu NCM, the tone is the determining factor. We assume that the class markers are unmarked at the underlying representation (UR), and when a floating high tone (HT) is assigned to the NCM underlyingly, they function as class markers. When a floating mid-tone (MT) is assigned, they become relative clause marker variants, and when in contact with the HT focus morpheme -á in focus constructions in the language, they function as focus marker variants.

show abstract

Gur

Miehe

2020

The Oxford Handbook of African Languages

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Within Niger-Congo, Gur is one of the families with the most highly developed agglutination systems in both the nominal and the verbal phrase. At the same time, the morphology of the Gur languages is characterized by a high rate of reduction and restructuring processes which can be best studied in the context of the nominal class systems, which reveal almost all evolutionary stages. Besides some lexical items, the reconstruction of a relatively high number of nominal class markers confirms the family’s strong relationship with Adamawa and Benue-Congo languages. The modern verbal systems are characterized by different aspect systems (marked by different verbal stems or suffixes) and by preverbal tense markers; post-verbal clitics denote assertion. Serial verb constructions are found in all languages, but more or less complementary to verbal derivations. Diathesis is expressed by moving patients to the subject position. Word order change is another prominent evolutionary phenomenon within the family.

show abstract

Negation in Gur

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

causative construction in Likpakpaanl (Konkomba)

causative construction in Likpakpaanl (Konkomba)

Prosodic Analysis of Noun Class Markers in the Syntax of BÀTỌ̀NU Language

Gur

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About