Needle Penetration of the Globe during Retrobulbar and Peribulbar Injections

Randomised controlled trial on the effectiveness of lidocaine gel vs tetracaine drops as the sole topical anaesthetic agent for primary pterygium surgery

“…However, disadvantages such as haemorrhage and swelling of the tissue may obscure the surgical field and plane, trauma to the muscle or muscle sheath and incidental perforation of the globe had been reported. 16 Avoidance of injectional anaesthesia in ocular procedures has gained popularity in recent years. Many cataract surgeons have replaced the traditional methods of retrobulbar and peribulbar injection with topical anaesthesia.…”

“…The pain and discomfort experienced during all four stages (stage 1Ffirst incision, stage 2Fpterygium body excision, stage 3Fconjunctival suturing, and stage 4Fimmediate postoperative after patching) were assessed using a 10-point analogue scale. 16 These two parameters were enquired of separately to avoid confusion between the two sensations. 12 It is conceivable that the patient may interpret discomfort from the glare of operating theatre lights, or from having to look in one particular direction for a prolonged period, as being painful.…”

The Cataract National Dataset Electronic Multi-centre Audit of 55 567 operations: anaesthetic techniques and complications

“…In addition, there have been many documented cases of needle trauma to structures within the orbit during LA, some of which have caused significant loss of vision. 4,11,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Most of these adverse events have been reported with sharp needle techniques (retrobulbar and peribulbar anaesthesia); 4,11,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] however, there have been no large randomised controlled trials to compare the safety of different local anaesthetic techniques.…”

Bloqueio extraconal para facectomia com implante de lente intra-ocular: influência da via de acesso (superior ou inferior) na qualidade da anestesia

“…Retrobulbar anesthesia, one of the most popular ophthalmic block techniques, consists on the injection of local anesthetic solution inside the muscle cone formed by the muscles of the bulb of eye themselves 2-4 . Although the lack of a completely safe anesthetic technique, peribulbar anesthesia has increased the number of ophthalmic surgeries with blockade since there is a low incidence of severe complications 5 as described by Hay et al (1991) 6 . Most of the times, peribulbar anesthesia is induced in the periconal space 7 and, in these cases, the name peribulbar block is misleading.…”