Need to address all forms of childhood malnutrition with a common agenda

Dangour, Alan D.; Uauy, Ricardo

doi:10.1136/adc.2007.132589

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Recent malnourished Asian populations are more susceptible to obesity [164]. One study found that overweight children and adolescents consumed more energy, protein, and fat and ate fewer carbohydrates than did the controls [163].…”

Section: Dietary Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Obesity in China: What are the Causes?

Deneen

Qin²,

Tian³

et al. 2011

CPD

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To address the causes for obesity in all of China is not feasible in a single article. There are hundreds of ethnic groups over a vast number of provinces. The diet and lifestyle of each is different based upon cultural/ethnic traditions and the environment. Several studies mentioned in this review have been done in particular areas and/or on specific population groups with regards to obesity and health risks associated with being overweight. Obesity is a multifactorial disease that is associated with genetic, physiological, environmental, and cultural/traditional perspectives in order to provide a broadened view on this epidemic in China. In this review, we will assess specific obesity gene and environment interactions, childhood obesity etiology, metabolic syndrome, and dietary and behavioral causes. We attempt to discuss obesity issues particularly in the Han Chinese population ranging from children, adolescents, adults to geriatrics.

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Section: Dietary Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Obesity in China: What are the Causes?

Deneen

Qin²,

Tian³

et al. 2011

CPD

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“…Since 1935 Kwashiorkor † ‡ (52) 1940 Infantile pellagra ‡ (53) 1944 Malignant malnutrition ‡ (54) 1948 Fatty liver disease ‡ (55) 1952 Protein malnutrition ‡ (56) 1959 Protein-calorie malnutrition ‡ (57) From 1950s-1960s Low birth weight † (58,59) Intra-uterine/fetal malnutrition † (60,61) Growth retardation †/growth restriction † (62) Small (full) term, small for dates, small for gestational age † (63,64) Since 1970 Protein-energy malnutrition † ‡ (65) 1980-1990 Energy nutrient malnutrition (23) 1994 Micronutrient malnutrition †, hidden hunger † (25,66,67) Since 1999 Oedematous malnutrition † ‡ (68) Since 2006 Severe acute malnutrition † ‡, moderate acute malnutrition † (69) Since 2008 Malnutrition † (in all its forms) includes underweight, wasting, stunting, micronutrient deficiencies, low birth weight, overweight and obesity (44) * Modified from Scherbaum (45) . † Term still used today.…”

Section: -1928mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the term ‘malnutrition’ includes forms of overnutrition (i.e. overweight and obesity), the present review focuses on states of undernutrition in children under 5 years, including underweight, wasting, stunting, micronutrient deficiencies and low birth weight ( 44 ) . In this article, the term ‘undernutrition’ is used, unless other terms such as kwashiorkor, marasmus, protein–energy malnutrition, severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) were used in publications of that time.…”

Section: Terms Used In This Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk products in the dietary management of childhood undernutrition – a historical review

Scherbaum

Srour²

2017

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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The present narrative review outlines the use of milk products in infant and young child feeding from early history until today and illustrates how research findings and technical innovations contributed to the evolution of milk-based strategies to combat undernutrition in children below the age of 5 years. From the onset of social welfare initiatives, dairy products were provided by maternal and child health services to improve nutrition. During the last century, a number of aetiological theories on oedematous forms of undernutrition were developed and until the 1970s the dogma of protein deficiency was dominant. Thereafter, a multifactorial concept gained acceptance and protein quality was emphasised. During the last decades, research findings demonstrated that the inclusion of dairy products in the management of severe acute malnutrition is most effective. For children suffering from moderate acute malnutrition the evidence for the superiority of milk-based diets is less clear. There is an unmet need for evaluating locally produced milk-free alternatives at lower cost, especially in countries that rely on imported dairy products. New strategies for the dietary management of childhood undernutrition need to be developed on the basis of research findings, current child feeding practices, socio-cultural conditions and local resources. Exclusive and continued breast-feeding supported by community-based nutrition programmes using optimal combinations of locally available complementary foods should be compared with milk product-based interventions.

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“…Within the underweight category, wasted and stunted children must be considered separately since they need to be approached differently in their treatment and follow up. The fact that among the undernourished as defined by stunted linear growth there exist many who are of normal weight for their length and some who are overweight for their length (14) can no longer be ignored. Importantly, since length is not systematically assessed in defining nutritional status of populations (15) it is possible that the prevalence of undernutrition may currently be overestimated and the problem of excess body fat stores neglected.…”

Section: Malnutrition In All Its Formsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rank Prize Lecture Global nutrition challenges for optimal health and well-being

Uauy

Dangour

2008

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Optimal health and well-being are now considered the true measures of human development. Integrated strategies for infant, child and adult nutrition are required that take a life-course perspective to achieve life-long health. The major nutrition challenges faced today include: (a) addressing the pending burden of undernutrition (low birth weight, severe wasting, stunting and Zn, retinol, Fe, iodine and folic acid deficits) affecting those individuals living in conditions of poverty and deprivation; (b) preventing nutrition-related chronic diseases (obesity, diabetes, CVD, some forms of cancer and osteoporosis) that, except in sub-Saharan Africa, are the main causes of death and disability globally. This challenge requires a life-course perspective as effective prevention starts before conception and continues at each stage of life. While death is unavoidable, premature death and disability can be postponed by providing the right amount and quality of food and by maintaining an active life; (c) delaying or avoiding, via appropriate nutrition and physical activity interventions, the functional declines associated with advancing age. To help tackle these challenges, it is proposed that the term ‘malnutrition in all its forms’, which encompasses the full spectrum of nutritional disorders, should be used to engender a broader understanding of global nutrition problems. This term may prove particularly helpful when interacting with policy makers and the public. Finally, a greater effort by the UN agencies and private and public development partners is called for to strengthen local, regional and international capacity to support the much needed change in policy and programme activities focusing on all forms of malnutrition with a unified agenda.

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Need to address all forms of childhood malnutrition with a common agenda

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Obesity in China: What are the Causes?

Obesity in China: What are the Causes?

Milk products in the dietary management of childhood undernutrition – a historical review

Rank Prize Lecture Global nutrition challenges for optimal health and well-being

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