Need for approval and threatened negative evaluation as determinants of expressiveness in a projective test.

Lefcourt, Herbert M.

doi:10.1037/h0027382

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Despite provocative findings of Lefcourt (1969) demonstrating important differences in inkblot responses in subgroups of high and low social desirability repressors, Mario we -Crowne scores did not distinguish stress reactions in this group of repressors. The failure of social desirability level to differentiate repressers' appraisal of threat in performance situations has been only tentatively demonstrated, however, because few 5s were available for these secondary analyses.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…Lastly, recent findings suggest that repressors represent a heterogeneous group distinguishable along the social desirability dimension. High and low social desirability repressors gave least and most Human movement responses, respectively, on an inkblot test (Lefcourt, 1969), and high social desirability repressors had higher Institute for Personality and Ability Testing anxiety scores than low social desirability repressors (Kahn & Schill, 1971). To determine if social desirability distinguishes stress reactions in repressors, secondary analyses were performed on that group using scores from the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of task familiarity on stress responses of repressors and sensitizers.

Pagano¹

1973

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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Lake Forest College R. S. Lazarus's theory of coping was used to investigate appraisal and reappraisal of threat in repressers and sensitizers. Two indexes of stress, self-report ratings of affect and palmar skin conductance, were measured prior to performance on a reaction time task, after one-third of the task was completed and after two-thirds of the task was completed. Results of the first period replicated earlier findings that skin conductance does not differentiate repression-sensitization (R-S) groups and that discrepancy scores between skin conductance and self-reported "tenseness" show repressers to be relatively higher on the former, while sensitizers are relatively higher on the latter. Ratings of "tenseness," "excitedness," and "interest" converged for R-S groups across periods. It was suggested that uncertainty associated with the initial period created threat and the subsequent characteristic defensive patterns in R-S groups, but that increased familiarity with the task and external feedback minimized prior dispositional differences. Perhaps R-S is best predictive of behavior in circumstances characterized by few external cues and high threat appraisal.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

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confidence: 99%

Effects of task familiarity on stress responses of repressors and sensitizers.

Pagano¹

1973

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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“…fensive (low MCS) groups, defensive repressors have been found to report less anxiety on the IPAT Anxiety Scale (Kahn & Schill, 1971), have higher auditory recognition thresholds for sexual material (Schill & Althoff, 1968), give fewer sexual associates to double entendre words (Schill, Emanuel, Pedegson, Schneider, & Wachowiak, 1970), suppress movement responses on an inkblot test described as measuringmental illness (Lefcourt, 1969), and respond more defensively on the Personal Orientation Inventory (Ginn, 1974). In one study, however (Woods, 1977), these two repressor groups did not differ, as expected, in self-reported arousal after viewing an industrial accident film.…”

Section: The Mcs As a Moderator Variablementioning

confidence: 97%

Clinical Relevance of the Marlowe-Crowne Scale: A Review and Recommendations

Evans¹

1982

Journal of Personality Assessment

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Research is reviewed which indicates the potential utility of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCS) in a variety of clinical assessment contexts. In relation to other assessment devices, the MCS has been used to enhance predictive accuracy of several scales, and has predicted defensive reactions to negative personality test feedback. Research is also reviewed regarding MCS relationships to self-disclosure, therapy process variables, premature termination from psychotherapy, and selection of subjects for psychotherapy research. The role of the MCS as a therapy outcome measure is also discussed. Scoring norms for normal and clinical groups are presented, including discussion of the effects of age, education and race on MCS scores. A number of avenues for future research with the MCS are described.

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“…In a number of studies using these distinctions, it has been found that repressers had significantly higher recognition thresholds for sexual pictures than low-anxious subjects (Holroyd, 1972) and reacted less affectively than low-anxious subjects in projective tests, particularly when they were described as mental-illness tests (Lefcourt, 1966(Lefcourt, ,1969Orlofsky, 1976). Most support for the validity of the distinction between repressers, low-anxious subjects, and high-anxious subjects comes from the study of Weinberger et al (1979).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The discrepant repressor: Differentiation between low anxiety, high anxiety, and repression of anxiety by autonomic–facial–verbal patterns of behavior.

Asendorpf¹,

Scherer²

1983

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

296

201

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This study examined the notion that personality questionnaires can be used to predict different styles of coping with anxiety as expressed by individual differences in patterns of autonomic, verbal, and nonverbal reactions. In line with earlier modifications of the repression-sensitization concept, the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS) and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (SDS) were used to select four groups of 12 subjects each from a pool of 206 male students in Germany: low-anxious subjects (low MAS, low SDS), repressers (low MAS, high SDS), high-anxious subjects (high MAS, low SDS), and defensive high-anxious subjects (high MAS, high SDS). Several measures of autonomic arousal, facial activity, and self-reported affect were obtained during a potentially anxiety-arousing free-association task and during a number of control conditions, including a funny film. Significant differences in baseline-corrected heart rate and self-reported anxiety as well as rated facial anxiety all indicated that repressers exhibited a discrepancy between low self-reported anxiety and high heart rate and facial anxiety; lowanxious subjects reported an intermediate level of anxiety, although they showed low heart rate and facial anxiety; high-anxious subjects had consistently high values on all three variables; and the defensive high-anxious group showed an intermediate level of anxious responding. These group differences were specific to the task of freely associating to phrases of mixed (sexual, aggressive, neutral) content (but not to other experimental situations) and to self-reported anxiety (but not to other selfrated emotions or task difficulty), indicating that they reflect individual differences in coping with anxiety. A long-standing problem in emotion re-of correlation led many researchers to believe search in general and anxiety research in par-that the concept of emotion-considered to ticular has been that different "indicators of be a theoretical construct denned by empirical emotion"-verbal report, nonverbal behavior, indicators-is a fiction and has little predictive autonomic arousal-often do not intercor-power. However, if one adopts a system-theorelate in an emotion-laden situation. This lack retic point of view (Powers, 1973; Schwartz, 1982), treating emotions as processes unfolding on different hierarchically organized levels This article is based on the first author's dissertation at of behavior with each level being regulated by the University of Giessen. The basic design of the study a separate control system, one would expect was developed in collaboration with Gary E. Schwartz many discrepancies between the different in-^S KS^* 9 3t thC DePartmem <**«» of emotion because * ™ st ««they The authors are indebted to Gary E. Schwartz for his are regulated by different control systems (cf. valuable suggestions and to RainerAdammek, Isolde Bruss, Asendorpf, 1981). From this perspective, dis-MelanieGraessner, Manfred Manderbach, Frank Schneider, crepancies between different components of tSstud? 6 Stouth...

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Need for approval and threatened negative evaluation as determinants of expressiveness in a projective test.

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of task familiarity on stress responses of repressors and sensitizers.

Effects of task familiarity on stress responses of repressors and sensitizers.

Clinical Relevance of the Marlowe-Crowne Scale: A Review and Recommendations

The discrepant repressor: Differentiation between low anxiety, high anxiety, and repression of anxiety by autonomic–facial–verbal patterns of behavior.

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