Need for an embodied energy measurement protocol for buildings: A review paper

Dixit, Manish; Fernández-Solís, José L.; Lavy, Sarel; Culp, C.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.03.021

Cited by 375 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The construction sector is responsible for around half of energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and depletion of natural resources worldwide [1]. Reducing its energy demand while also 'greening' its energy supplies through maximising the use of renewable energy should be of paramount importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selection of papers was carried out using the following criteria : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 3 (1) it had to address and assess energy-related figures associated with DSF, either related to DSF while in use -i.e. the operational energy -or the embodied energy, that is related to all lifecycle stages other than the operation phase [1,[27][28][29] 1 ; (2) with respect to operational energy, it had to present a base case against which the results could be compared in order to understand the comparative performance of DSFs, to enable to assess variations in the energy increment or reduction; (3) it had to refer to, or be set in, moderate or temperate climates, considered as where there is a distinct demand for heating in winter and cooling in summer; (4) it had to be published within the last 20 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Energy performance of Double-Skin Façades in temperate climates: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Pomponi

Piroozfar

Southall

et al. 2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

113

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Double Skin Façades (DSFs) are applied in both new and existing buildings, especially in temperate climates. Research in this area is steadily growing; however, there is a lack of conclusive results in available literature about energy performances related to the DSF, thus limiting a better and more informed application of this technology in the Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector. This paper systematically reviews more than 50 articles which have dealt with the energy related performance of DSFs in temperate climates and provide a meta-analysis of the numerical findings published in the studies examined. Energy related figures are presented separately for embodied and operational energy. Specifically, the operational energy end-uses taken into account are heating, cooling, lighting, and ventilation. Numerical results in the literature are normalised and expressed in form of percentage of maximum energy reduction/increment compared to a base case (e.g. a single skin case) used as a reference in the corresponding studies. Such an approach is meant to provide a reliable comparison of published figures. Key façade parameters (DSF spatial configurations, cavity width and ventilation), building parameters (orientation and climatic areas) and the methodological approaches used in the reviewed studies were deployed as clustering criteria. Several clustering criteria present extremely spread values, indicating the necessity to further investigate, understand, and attempt to reduce such high discrepancies in operational energy performances. Additionally, and more importantly, almost no information exists on DSFs life cycle energy figures, highlighting an important gap that requires further research.Suggested Reviewers: Mohamad Kiani PhD Principal Sustainability Consultant, Baily Garner LLP mohamadrezakiani@gmail.com Dr Kiani has extensive experience in sustainability in the construction industry. Additionally, his PhD thesis dealt with the environmental impacts of glazed facades which is a part of the review paper here submitted. AbstractDouble Skin Façades (DSFs) are applied in both new and existing buildings, especially in temperate climates. Research in this area is steadily growing; however, there is a lack of conclusive results in available literature about energy performances related to the DSF, thus limiting a better and more informed application of this technology in the Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector. This paper systematically reviews more than 50 articles which have dealt with the energy related performance of DSFs in temperate climates and provide a meta-analysis of the numerical findings published in the studies examined. Energy related figures are presented separately for embodied and operational energy. Specifically, the operational energy end-uses taken into account are heating, cooling, lighting, and ventilation. Numerical results in the literature are normalised and expressed in form of percentage of maximum energy reduction/increment compared to a ba...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy performance of Double-Skin Façades in temperate climates: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Pomponi

Piroozfar

Southall

et al. 2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another reference states that building materials industry consumes as much as 20% of world's fuel consumption. It will even be higher if fuel used in material transportation is include [5]. Hence, EE calculation is something important to conduct.…”

Section: Consideration Of Embodied Energy In Selecting Building Matermentioning

confidence: 99%

Embodied Energy Calculation in Mitigating Environmental Impact of Low-Cost Housing Construction

Wahyuni

Triyadi

2017

MATEC Web Conf.

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Abstract. Reduction of the negative impacts of building construction, or mitigation, should be done in the early phase of a project. Particular method that can be used to reduce the negative impact is Embodied Energy (EE) calculation. This research develops a method to calculate the total EE of materials used in building construction by using the Material Selection Analysis (MSA) based on Indonesia's Construction Work Unit Price Analysis (WUPA). MSA breaks down the types, its unit, and total volume of materials within an object. Using the EE data from Inventory Carbon and Energy (ICE) Bath, in the UK, this research calculate the embodied energy in three small house types in Indonesia: Type 21 M2, Type 36 M2, and Type 45 M2. The result reveals a negative correlation between building's area and EE value. Nonetheless, the EE value is positively related to the volume of material used. Proposed strategies to decrease the value of EE in low cost housing construction manly; a) design approach in improving the efficiency of material usage, b) materials substitution to material with lower value of EE, especially on material on large volume of usage, c) socialization of EE value to stakeholders as consideration in determining the choice of materials used, thus, environmental mitigation is expected to be an important aspect in determining the design decisions and the choice of materials used.

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“…In another particular categorization, carbon emissions may be divided into two general groups, embodied carbon and operating carbon emissions. The operating carbon comprises of carbon emissions incurred during the service life of a building and includes the carbon emissions incurred in maintaining the indoor environment through processes such as heating, cooling, lighting and the operation of appliances [7]. The embodied carbon, on the other hand, has been conventionally defined to comprise carbon emissions incurred in stages I to III of the building's life cycle (defined above), although it may be extended to include the end-of-life carbon emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The share of embodied energy, closely related to embodied carbon, in the total life cycle energy of low-energy houses has been reported to be up to 40%-60% [15,16]. The reduced share of operating carbon and consequent increase in the relative contribution of embodied carbon to life cycle carbon has resulted in a clear shift in the focus of research towards investigating strategies to reduce the embodied carbon of buildings [7,17,18]. These common strategies include the use of low-carbon materials, material reuse, recycling and minimization, selection of optimal structural system and structural optimization, and optimization of construction operations [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation and Minimization of Embodied Carbon of Buildings: A Review

2017

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Building and construction is responsible for up to 30% of annual global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, commonly reported in carbon equivalent unit. Carbon emissions are incurred in all stages of a building's life cycle and are generally categorised into operating carbon and embodied carbon, each making varying contributions to the life cycle carbon depending on the building's characteristics. With recent advances in reducing the operating carbon of buildings, the available literature indicates a clear shift in attention towards investigating strategies to minimize embodied carbon. However, minimizing the embodied carbon of buildings is challenging and requires evaluating the effects of embodied carbon reduction strategies on the emissions incurred in different life cycle phases, as well as the operating carbon of the building. In this paper, the available literature on strategies for reducing the embodied carbon of buildings, as well as methods for estimating the embodied carbon of buildings, is reviewed and the strengths and weaknesses of each method are highlighted.

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Need for an embodied energy measurement protocol for buildings: A review paper

Cited by 375 publications

References 46 publications

Energy performance of Double-Skin Façades in temperate climates: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Energy performance of Double-Skin Façades in temperate climates: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Embodied Energy Calculation in Mitigating Environmental Impact of Low-Cost Housing Construction

Estimation and Minimization of Embodied Carbon of Buildings: A Review

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