Nectar, nectaries, flower visitors, and breeding system in five terrestrial Orchidaceae from central Argentina

Galetto, Leonardo; Bernardello, Gabriel; Rivera, Guillermo

doi:10.1007/bf02506798

Cited by 55 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The nectary comprises a secretory epidermis and several layers of underlying parenchyma. Whereas in some members of the Orchidaceae the secretory epidermis bears unicellular trichomes which greatly enlarge the secretory surface area (Galetto et al, 1997; Stpiczy n nska, 1997; Stpiczy n nska and Matusiewicz, 2001), the secretory epidermis here is glabrous (Pais, 1987;Figueiredo and Pais, 1992;Galetto et al, 1997) and, despite the presence of sparse stomata on the nectary surface, it seems unlikely, as in Maxillaria coccinea (Stipczy n nska et al, 2004), that nectar is exuded via these structures.…”

Section: Comparison Of Nectar Secretionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Starch is very common in the nectary cells of orchids (Figueiredo and Pais, 1992;Pais and Figueiredo, 1994;Galetto et al, 1997;Stpiczy n nska, 1997) and other plants (Nepi et al, 1996;Graffal et al, 1998;Razem and Davis, 1999;Vesprini et al, 1999) and starch stored within nectary cells can be utilized both as a source of nectar and as a source of energy for highly metabolic processes (Durkee, 1983). Moreover, according to the 'sugar excretion' hypothesis (de la Barrera and Nobel, 2004), high rates of water uptake by flowers may result in the accumulation of considerable amounts of carbohydrates delivered via the phloem.…”

Section: Comparison Of Nectar Secretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Account of Nectary Structure in Hexisea imbricata (Lindl.) Rchb.f. (Orchidaceae)

Stpiczyńska¹

2005

Annals of Botany

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Background and Aims Despite the number of orchid species that are thought to be pollinated by hummingbirds, our knowledge of the nectaries of these orchids is based solely on a single species, Maxillaria coccinea (Jacq.) L.O. Williams ex Hodge. Nevertheless, it is predicted that such nectaries are likely to be very diverse and the purpose of this paper is to compare the nectary and the process of nectar secretion in Hexisea imbricata (Lindl.) Rchb.f. with that of Maxillaria coccinea so as to begin to characterize the nectaries of presumed ornithophilous Neotropical orchids.Methods Light microscopy, transmission electronmicroscopy and histochemistry were used to examine the histology and chemical composition of nectary tissue and the process of nectar secretion in H. imbricata.Key Results and Conclusions The nectary of H. imbricata has a vascular supply, is bound by a single-layered epidermis with few stomata and comprises two or three layers of subepidermal secretory cells beneath which lie several layers of palisade-like parenchymatous cells, some of which contain raphides or mucilage. The secretory cells are collenchymatous and their walls have numerous pits with associated plasmodesmata. They contain the full complement of organelles characteristic of secretory cells as well as intravacuolar protein bodies but some of the secretory epidermal cells, following secretion, collapse and their anticlinal walls seem to fold. Nectar secretion is thought to be granulocrine and, following starch depletion, lipid droplets collect within the plastids. The nectar accumulates beneath the cuticle which subsequently forms swellings. Finally, nectar collects in the saccate nectary spur formed by the fusion of the margins of the labellum and the base of the column-foot. Thus, although the nectary of H. imbricata and M. coccinea have many features in common, they nevertheless display a number of important differences.

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Section: Comparison Of Nectar Secretionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Comparison Of Nectar Secretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Account of Nectary Structure in Hexisea imbricata (Lindl.) Rchb.f. (Orchidaceae)

Stpiczyńska¹

2005

Annals of Botany

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“…In some species, removal increases (Galetto and Bernardello 1995;Torres and Galetto 1998;Castellanos et al 2002) or decreases the total amount of nectar produced per flower Bernardello 1992, 1993;Bernardello et al 1994;Rivera et al 1996;Galetto et al 1997), whereas in others, it has no effect whatsoever Bernardello 1993, 1995;Galetto et al 2000;Vesprini and Galetto 2000). When nectar removal has an effect on the total nectar produced, the flower is able to modulate the resources allocated to nectar production.…”

Section: Removal Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Nectar Production and Nectar Homeostasis in Male Flowers of Cucurbita pepo L.

Nepi

Cresti

Guarnieri

et al. 2011

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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“…In this case, it was found that pollination efficiency was not affected by the flower age. Most studies using hand-pollination, however, provide no information on the age of the flowers in the tests (Stort & Galdino, 1984;Calvo, 1990;Galetto et al, 1997;Singer & Sazima, 1999;Singer, 2001Singer, , 2002Singer & Sazima, 2001;Borba & Braga, 2003;Gale, 2007;Peter & Johnson, 2009;Micheneau et al, 2010;Srimuang et al, 2010). In studies mentioning the flower age, hand-pollinations were performed on the first (Borba et al, 1999;Pansarin & Amaral, 2006;Li et al, 2008;Pansarin & Amaral, 2008;Aguiar et al 2011) or second day of floral anthesis (Vieira et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the pollination efficiency of long-lived orchid flowers affected by age?

2015

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RESUMOThe long-lived flowers of orchids increase the chances of pollination and thus the reproductive success of the species. However, a question arises: does the efficiency of pollination, expressed by fruit set, vary with the flower age? The objective of this study was to verify whether the flower age of Corymborkis flava (Sw.) Kuntze affects pollination efficiency. The following hypotheses were tested: 1) the fruit set of older flowers is lower than that of younger ones; 2) morphological observations (perianth and stigmatic area), stigma receptivity test by using a solution of hydrogen peroxide and hand-pollination tests are equally effective in defining the period of stigmatic receptivity. Flowers were found to be receptive from the first to the fourth day of anthesis. Fruit set of older flowers (third and fourth day) was lower than that of younger flowers. Morphological observations, the stigma receptivity test and hand-pollinations were equally effective in defining the period of stigmatic receptivity. However, to evaluate the maximum degree of stigma receptivity of orchid species with long-lived flowers, we recommend hand-pollinations, beyond the period of receptivity.

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Nectar, nectaries, flower visitors, and breeding system in five terrestrial Orchidaceae from central Argentina

Cited by 55 publications

References 25 publications

Comparative Account of Nectary Structure in Hexisea imbricata (Lindl.) Rchb.f. (Orchidaceae)

Comparative Account of Nectary Structure in Hexisea imbricata (Lindl.) Rchb.f. (Orchidaceae)

Dynamics of Nectar Production and Nectar Homeostasis in Male Flowers of Cucurbita pepo L.

Is the pollination efficiency of long-lived orchid flowers affected by age?

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