Nectar features, diurnal and nocturnal pollinators, and male fitness in Qualea grandiflora (Vochysiaceae)

Potascheff, Carolina de Moraes; Brito, Vinícius Lourenço Garcia de; Galetto, Leonardo; Sebbenn, Alexandre Magno; Oliveira, Paulo Eugênio

doi:10.1007/s00606-020-01646-y

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Although nocturnal species have flowers with specific characteristics such as flower opening at dusk/night (Baker, 1961;Van Doorn & Van Meeteren, 2003), pale or white colour (Baker, 1961;Lunau & Maier, 1995), presence of attracting scents (Jürgens et al, 2002;Raguso, 2008) and large amount of nectar (for bats and hawkmoths, Fenster et al, 2004), most of the nocturnal plants recorded here are visited by a wide range of pollinator species, which have different morphological traits (Elam & Linhart, 1988;Nassar et al, 1997;Potascheff et al, 2020;Waser, 1982). These nocturnal plants that present a prolonged floral longevity characterize mixed pollination systems (Aguilar-Rodríguez et al, 2016;Amorim et al, 2013;Jaca et al, 2020;Maruyama et al, 2010;Potascheff et al, 2020;Queiroz et al, 2016), with varying degree of contribution from diurnal visitors to reproductive success (Amorim et al, 2013;Amorim et al, 2022;Miyake & Yahara, 1998). On the other hand, these nocturnal flowering plants constitute an important source of floral resources for many diurnal visitors (Amorim et al, 2013;Maruyama et al, 2013;Potascheff et al, 2020).…”

Section: Re Sultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Integrating nocturnal and diurnal interactions in a Neotropical pollination network

et al. 2022

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Plants establish pollination interactions with different groups of animals, including nocturnal ones that establish interactions with economically valuable and culturally important crops, as well as wild plants of conservation concern. Despite the considerable number of studies addressing the structure and dynamic of pollination networks, nocturnal interactions have been relatively overlooked. Using a multilayer network approach and considering diurnal and nocturnal interactions, we aimed to understand how interactions at different periods of the day are integrated and contribute to the network structural pattern. We also aimed to highlight how multilayer networks may give a more nuanced assessment of species importance across layers. We assembled a pollination network of an intensively studied Neotropical area by standardizing interaction data from 16 previous studies into a presence/absence (binary) network. Then, we used a multilayer network approach to evaluate the network modularity and plant species' roles in these different temporal layers. Plants were classified as nocturnal or diurnal according to the onset of floral opening and pollinators were classified according to their foraging period. The network consisted of 178 pollinator species and 158 plant species, with 870 links. Among plant species, 135 species have diurnal floral opening while 23 species are nocturnal. The multilayer network was significantly modular, and these modules differed in the composition of pollinator groups (e.g., hawk moths, bats, bees, hummingbirds), as well as of diurnal and nocturnal plants. We show that diurnal and nocturnal interactions are organized into interconnected modules in the multilayer network. Nocturnal plants had higher values of versatility and multidegree than diurnal plants, due to their role in connecting the two temporal layers. Synthesis. Our study highlights the importance of integrating different pollination systems to understand the importance of distinct components that structure pollination networks. We also illustrate the value of tapping into existing information, particularly species interaction data, from well‐studied biodiversity hotspot areas, to gain a better understanding of how communities are structured. Finally, despite the relative scarcity of nocturnal pollination network studies, we showed nocturnal plants, which often make complementary use of diurnal pollinators, to be important in connecting the temporal layers.

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Section: Re Sultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Integrating nocturnal and diurnal interactions in a Neotropical pollination network

et al. 2022

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“…Nectarostomata in R. ornata , however, presented a different pattern, appearing on the apical region and down along the adaxial surface of the epidermis, but absent from the abaxial surface. Nectarostomata are the openings through which nectar are secreted [ 68 ], and the function of the nectary disc in producing nectar as a reward for pollinators is widely acknowledged [ 30 , 69 , 70 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schum.) A. Robyns in the Malvaceae family) [ 36 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 ,…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Functional Ecology of External Secretory Structures in Rivea ornata (Roxb.) Choisy (Convolvulaceae)

Chitchak

Stewart

Traiperm

2022

Plants

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Plants have evolved numerous secretory structures that fulfill diverse roles and shape their interactions with other organisms. Rivea ornata (Roxb.) Choisy (Convolvulaceae) is one species that possesses various external secretory organs hypothesized to be ecologically important. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate five secretory structures (nectary disc, petiolar nectaries, calycinal glands, staminal hairs, and foliar glands) using micromorphology, anatomy, histochemistry, and field observations of plant–animal interactions in order to assess the functional contributions of these structures. Results show that the nectary disc and petiolar nectaries are complex working units consisting of at least epidermis and ground tissue, while the other structures are glandular trichomes. Various groups of metabolites (lipids, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids) were detected in all structures, while starch grains were only found in the nectary disc, petiolar nectaries, and their adjacent tissues. Integrating preliminary observation of animal visitors with micromorphological, anatomical, and histochemical results, two hypotheses are proposed: (I) nectary disc and staminal hairs are important for pollination as they potentially attract and reward floral visitors, and (II) petiolar nectaries, calycinal glands, and foliar glands contribute to plant defense. Specifically, petiolar nectaries and calycinal glands provide protection from herbivores via guard ants, while calycinal and foliar glands may use plant metabolites to help prevent tissue damage from dehydration and insolation.

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“…Despite the importance of nectar in mediating plant-pollinator interactions, only a few studies have attempted to assess how temporal variation in nectar availability affects the dynamics of the pollinator assemblage, especially in Neotropical savannas (Andena et al 2012;Bobrowiec & Oliveira 2012;Stahl et al 2012;Ara ujo et al 2013;Potascheff et al 2020). The Brazilian Cerrado (Neotropical savannas of Brazil) is one of the most threatened tropical savannas globally, and its original area has been reduced by 80% due to agriculture and livestock production (Carvalho et al 2009;Strassburg et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2013; Potascheff et al . 2020). The Brazilian Cerrado (Neotropical savannas of Brazil) is one of the most threatened tropical savannas globally, and its original area has been reduced by 80% due to agriculture and livestock production (Carvalho et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra‐seasonal and daily variations in nectar availability affect bee assemblage in a monodominant afforested Brazilian Cerrado

et al. 2022

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Nectar is the most common floral resource that mediates plant-pollinator interactions, and its spatiotemporal distribution is related to pollinator attraction and can influence pollinator activity through time. Therefore, assessing patterns of floral phenology of nectar-producing plants can help better understand the pollinator assemblage's temporal dynamics. We used an area of afforested Brazilian Cerrado covered with a highdensity plantation of Inga vera, a mass-flowering nectar-producing tree, to investigate whether intra-seasonal and daily variations in nectar availability provided by I. vera flowers affect the bee assemblage. We showed that bee abundance was positively related to intra-seasonal patterns in floral phenology and daily changes in nectar production. Although bee species richness was also associated with intra-seasonal changes in nectar availability, bee diversity (quantified using Simpson's diversity index) did not follow the same pattern. We suggest that the dominance of the invasive honeybee, Apis mellifera, on I. vera flowers may have affected the overall bee diversity over time due to an exacerbated increase in honeybee abundance. Therefore, by evaluating the temporal dynamics of nectar availability, an important floral attribute that influences plant-pollinator interactions, we suggest that planting high-rewarding tree species at high densities in open ecosystems can affect the dynamics of native bee assemblages negatively due to the exacerbated recruitment of the dominant exotic honeybee.

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Nectar features, diurnal and nocturnal pollinators, and male fitness in Qualea grandiflora (Vochysiaceae)

Cited by 7 publications

References 68 publications

Integrating nocturnal and diurnal interactions in a Neotropical pollination network

Integrating nocturnal and diurnal interactions in a Neotropical pollination network

Functional Ecology of External Secretory Structures in Rivea ornata (Roxb.) Choisy (Convolvulaceae)

Intra‐seasonal and daily variations in nectar availability affect bee assemblage in a monodominant afforested Brazilian Cerrado

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