Necrotizing pneumonia and severe <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 in an infant with catheter‐related bloodstream infection by methicillin‐sensitive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

Brisca, Giacomo; Buratti, Silvia; Basso, Luca; Miano, Maurizio; Salvati, Pietro; Castagnola, Elio; Moscatelli, Andrea

doi:10.1111/ped.15401

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…Necrotizing pneumonia (NP) is a disastrous complication of severe pediatric COVID-19, which stemmed from aggressive bacterial superinfections causing lung tissue liquefaction and cavitation, with the most common causative organisms being Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus pneumoniae , and Mycoplasma pneumoniae [ 31 ]. Specifically, Akuamoah-Boateng et al reported the case of a 13-year-old boy with COVID-19 and convincing laboratory and radiologic features of NP presumably caused by Prevotella oris , which was not detected by the blood cultures prior to antimicrobial administration but returned positive on PCR of the surgical drainage sample of concurrent subdural empyemas [ 32 ]; and Brisca et al reported a case of NP in a 4-month-old infant with of COVID-19 and concurrent central venous catheter-associated methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia [ 33 ]. NP in both cases eventually resolved with appropriate level of respiratory support and multimodal pharmacotherapy.…”

Section: Clinical Approaches To Severe Pediatric Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe pediatric COVID-19: a review from the clinical and immunopathophysiological perspectives

Sun,

Wang,

Lin

et al. 2024

World J Pediatr

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Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) tends to have mild presentations in children. However, severe and critical cases do arise in the pediatric population with debilitating systemic impacts and can be fatal at times, meriting further attention from clinicians. Meanwhile, the intricate interactions between the pathogen virulence factors and host defense mechanisms are believed to play indispensable roles in severe COVID-19 pathophysiology but remain incompletely understood. Data sources A comprehensive literature review was conducted for pertinent publications by reviewers independently using the PubMed, Embase, and Wanfang databases. Searched keywords included “COVID-19 in children”, “severe pediatric COVID-19”, and “critical illness in children with COVID-19”. Results Risks of developing severe COVID-19 in children escalate with increasing numbers of co-morbidities and an unvaccinated status. Acute respiratory distress stress and necrotizing pneumonia are prominent pulmonary manifestations, while various forms of cardiovascular and neurological involvement may also be seen. Multiple immunological processes are implicated in the host response to COVID-19 including the type I interferon and inflammasome pathways, whose dysregulation in severe and critical diseases translates into adverse clinical manifestations. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a potentially life-threatening immune-mediated condition chronologically associated with COVID-19 exposure, denotes another scientific and clinical conundrum that exemplifies the complexity of pediatric immunity. Despite the considerable dissimilarities between the pediatric and adult immune systems, clinical trials dedicated to children are lacking and current management recommendations are largely adapted from adult guidelines. Conclusions Severe pediatric COVID-19 can affect multiple organ systems. The dysregulated immune pathways in severe COVID-19 shape the disease course, epitomize the vast functional diversity of the pediatric immune system and highlight the immunophenotypical differences between children and adults. Consequently, further research may be warranted to adequately address them in pediatric-specific clinical practice guidelines.

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Section: Clinical Approaches To Severe Pediatric Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe pediatric COVID-19: a review from the clinical and immunopathophysiological perspectives

Sun,

Wang,

Lin

et al. 2024

World J Pediatr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Neonatal COVID-19 treatment: Are there new chances?

Elfarargy,

Alruwaili,

Ahmad

et al. 2024

NPM

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is considered an infectious disease which is caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Neonatal COVID-19 had been occurred in many countries which would indicate the need of effective and safe treatment for these vulnerable group. In this study, we showed symptoms of corona virus in neonates, investigation of coronavirus in neonates and radiological features of neonatal COVID-19. In addition, we discussed management of neonates with COVI-19, antiviral treatment, monoclonal antibodies administration, immunomodulatory therapy, antibiotics, vitamins, and minerals in the treatment of neonatal COVID-19, and also telemedicine in neonatal COVID-19 and feeding the newborn of COVID-19 mother. We also discussed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in neonates (MIS-N), management of affected COVID-19 neonates and discussion of the complication of the neonatal COVID-19. We further discussed the methods of dealing with COVID-19 neonates and the research done on the neonatal COVID-19 treatment.

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Changes in the Use of Antibiotics for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections in Children: A 5-Year Retrospective, Single Center Study

et al. 2023

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Monitoring antibiotic use in the pediatric population is a challenge, especially when determining a relationship between specific pathogens, infections, and antibiotic use. We retrospectively analyzed the consumption of anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) drugs from 2017 to 2021 at Istituto Giannina Gaslini by means of defined daily dose (DDD) adopted for adults by World Health Organization. We observed a statistically significant increase in the use of daptomycin and ceftaroline, combined with a decrease in the use of vancomycin. In the same period, we observed an increase in the proportion of bloodstream infections due to MRSA with vancomycin minimally inhibitory concentration (MIC mg/L) = 1, that represented the 100% of cases in 2021. This aspect was combined with the observation that in the 59% of cases, where vancomycin plasma concentrations were evaluated, it was not possible to achieve a ratio of the 24-h area under the concentration–time curve and MIC (AUC0–24/MIC) of vancomycin ≥ 400 mg/L. This study confirms that DDD can be used in pediatrics to monitor antibiotic consumption in relationship with infections epidemiology. Moreover, it describes the presence of vancomycin MIC creep for MRSA also in pediatrics and the difficulties in obtaining effective vancomycin plasma concentrations in children.

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Necrotizing pneumonia and severe COVID‐19 in an infant with catheter‐related bloodstream infection by methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Severe pediatric COVID-19: a review from the clinical and immunopathophysiological perspectives

Severe pediatric COVID-19: a review from the clinical and immunopathophysiological perspectives

Neonatal COVID-19 treatment: Are there new chances?

Changes in the Use of Antibiotics for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections in Children: A 5-Year Retrospective, Single Center Study

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