Necrotizing Hepatitis Associated with Clostridium perfringens in Broiler Chicks

Marcano, Valerie C.; Gamble, Tyler; Maschek, Kevin; Stabler, Lisa; Fletcher, O. J.; Davis, James F.; Troan, Brigid V.; Villegas, Ana; Tsai, Yu-Yang; Barbieri, Nicolle Lima; França, Monique

doi:10.1637/aviandiseases-d-22-00033

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Among bacterial diseases, the proportion of animals dead due to colibacillosis was the highest, followed by clostridiosis. Both are important infectious diseases in chicks, and affect poultry worldwide [ 29 , 30 , 31 ], with several cases of C. perfringens infection causing necrotizing enteritis or necrotic hepatitis reported in captive capercaillies [ 32 ]. The etiological agents— E. coli and C. perfringens —use several virulence strategies to achieve tissue invasion such as metabolic enzymes, adhesion molecules, or tissue-degrading toxins [ 31 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality Causes in Captive Cantabrian capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus cantabricus) in Spain

García‐Rodríguez

Herrero-García

García

et al. 2023

Animals

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The Cantabrian capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus cantabricus) is one of the most severely threatened subspecies of capercaillie. Its current population range is restricted to a small area of the Cantabrian Mountains (northwestern Spain), with only around 200 individuals remaining. As part of the national strategy for the conservation of the subspecies, the Cantabrian capercaillie Captive Breeding Center of Sobrescobio opened in 2009. Here, we use the information provided by the necropsies performed in this facility on 29 individuals (11 males, 13 females and 5 undetermined; 16 chicks and 13 adults) in order to describe the main mortality causes of captive-bred Cantabrian capercaillies. After necropsy, tissue samples were taken for evaluation using standard methods in histology and microbiology. The majority of the captive animals (18/29, 62.07%) died due to infectious diseases, mainly due to Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, or Aspergillus fumigatus infection. The remaining 11 animals died due to stress-related processes (i.e., rupture of the heart apex and cardiomyopathy or neurogenic shock) (8/29, 27.59%), duodenal obstruction and coelomitis (1/29, 3.45%), perforation of the proventriculus and heart with a briar branch (1/29, 3.45%) or euthanasia due to a valgus leg deformity that prevented proper animal welfare (1/29, 3.45%). Young animals (i.e., younger than 2 months) died mainly due to infectious diseases (14/16, 87.5%), while stress-related causes were responsible for most adult deaths (7/13, 53.85%). We additionally report that two free-ranging adult males died due to exertional myopathy. This study provides relevant information for reducing mortality in captive capercaillies and improving both living conditions in captivity and the adaptation of these animals to the wild.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality Causes in Captive Cantabrian capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus cantabricus) in Spain

García‐Rodríguez

Herrero-García

García

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…In healthy chickens, it is hard to find C. perfringens spores in the gastrointestinal tract, but the total number of vegetative C. perfringens cells increased when necrotic enteritis occurred, presenting a positive correlation between presence in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum and disease severity [9,10]. In a retrospective study, C. perfringens was also found to cause liver morphological lesions, necrotizing hepatitis, congested lungs, and neurological diseases, manifesting as tremors, stargazing, and incoordination [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microencapsulated Sodium Butyrate Alleviates Immune Injury and Intestinal Problems Caused by Clostridium Perfringens through Gut Microbiota

Yang,

Sun,

Dai

et al. 2023

Animals

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Microencapsulated sodium butyrate (MS-SB) is an effective sodium butyrate additive which can reduce the release of sodium butyrate (SB) in the fore gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we assess the protective effects and mechanisms of MS-SB in Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens)-challenged broilers. Broiler chickens were pre-treated with SB or MS-SB for 56 days and then challenged with C. perfringens three times. Our results indicate that the addition of MS-SB or SB before C. perfringens infection significantly decreased the thymus index (p < 0.05). Serum IgA, IgY, and IgM concentrations were significantly increased (p < 0.05), while pro-inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) under MS-SB or SB supplementation. Compared with SB, MS-SB presented a stronger performance, with higher IgA content, as well as a lower IL-1β level when normal or C. perfringens-challenged. While C. perfringens challenge significantly decreased the villus height (p < 0.05), MS-SB or SB administration significantly increased the villus height and villus height/crypt depth (V/C ratio) (p < 0.05). Varying degrees of SB or MS-SB increased the concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) during C. perfringens challenge, where MS-SB presented a stronger performance, as evidenced by the higher content of isovaleric acid and valeric acid. Microbial analysis demonstrated that both SB or MS-SB addition and C. perfringens infection increase variation in the microbiota community. The results also indicate that the proportions of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Clostridia, Ruminococcaceae, Alistipes, and Clostridia were significantly higher in the MS-SB addition group while, at same time, C. perfringens infection increased the abundance of Bacteroides and Alistipes. In summary, dietary supplementation with SB or MS-SB improves the immune status and morphology of intestinal villi, increases the production of VFAs, and modulates cecal microbiota in chickens challenged with C. perfringens. Moreover, MS-SB was more effective than SB with the same supplemental amount.

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Necrotizing Hepatitis Associated with Clostridium perfringens in Broiler Chicks

Cited by 2 publications

References 39 publications

Mortality Causes in Captive Cantabrian capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus cantabricus) in Spain

Mortality Causes in Captive Cantabrian capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus cantabricus) in Spain

Microencapsulated Sodium Butyrate Alleviates Immune Injury and Intestinal Problems Caused by Clostridium Perfringens through Gut Microbiota

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