Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Face and Neck

Cervical necrotizing fasciitis: Systematic review and analysis of 1235 reported cases from the literature

“…1,2,24 Authors report that in approximately 5% of cases, no instigating source is identified, although our analysis demonstrated this scenario to occur more frequently (9.36%). 10,38 The pathogenesis of necrotizing fasciitis is yet to be elucidated. Necrosis and liquefaction of fascia and fat occur early in the process, mediated by collagenases and hyaluronidases produced by M-proteins of group A streptococci.…”

“…In the literature, necrotizing fasciitis is most frequently reported in the abdominal wall, extremities, perineum, and groin. 10 Given the robust blood supply, infection in the head and neck locality is exceedingly rare accounting for an estimated 1%-10% of cases, 11 or, as stated in another Danish study, 2 per 1 000 000 inhabitants per year. 12 Necrotizing fasciitis of the head and neck involves cranial, facial, and/or cervical subsites.…”

Necrotizing Fasciitis of Face in Odontogenic Infection: A Rare Clinical Entity

“…[3][4][5][6][9][10][11][12] The term necrotizing fasciitis (NF) was first coined by Wilson in 1952. 3,6 NF is usually known to occur in the perineum, lower limbs or abdominal wall following surgery or trauma, particularly in individuals with underlying systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerosis, chronic renal failure or malnutrition 1,3,4 NF may affect patients of all ages, without sex or race predilection.…”

“…3,5,7,11 Overall incidence of necrotizing fasciitis is approx 1 in 453,333 or 0.00% or 600 people/year in USA, 12-14 the clinical picture is dependent on the stage of the disease and its primary origin. Several authors have reviewed the presentation and the management of the disease.…”

“…The skin necrosis is secondary to thrombosis of the nutrient vessels passing through necrotic fascia. [1][2][3][4]11 The patient is acutely ill, with low to medium grade fever associated with tachycardia. All fascial planes of the head and neck can be involved in NF and may not be localized.…”