Necrosuppurative Orchitis and Scrotal Necrotizing Dermatitis Following Intratesticular Administration of Zinc Gluconate Neutralized With Arginine (EsterilSol) in 2 Mixed-Breed Dogs

Abstract

Intratesticular injection of EsterilSol (zinc gluconate neutralized with arginine) is a chemical sterilant for male dogs sometimes used in population control campaigns. Adverse reactions have been reported in 1% to 4% of treated dogs, but detailed histomorphologic descriptions are lacking. During a behavioral study conducted in the Chilean Patagonia in 2012, severe necrosuppurative orchitis and ulcerative dermatitis were observed in 2 of 36 (6%) dogs sterilized with EsterilSol according to the manufacturer's instructions. Reactions were noted on days 8 and 7 postinjection and required scrotal ablation on days 8 and 13, respectively; neither reaction was associated with the injection site. Although self-trauma following administration may have contributed, the cause of the adverse reactions is uncertain. EsterilSol is a relatively uncomplicated method to sterilize male dogs, but the occurrence of severe adverse reactions several days after administration emphasizes the need for the provision of long-term monitoring and veterinary care during sterilization campaigns using this product.

Acute reproductive toxicology after intratesticular injection of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in Wistar rats

“…In general, zinc gluconate and calcium chloride, the most used substances for chemical castration by intratesticular injection, cause atrophy in the seminiferous tubules, disruption in spermatogenesis, fibrosis and calcification of testicular parenchyma and reduction of testicular volume, together with reduced sperm motility and low sperm count or azoospermia, leading to subfertility or infertility in male animals (Fagundes et al 2014;Vannucchi et al 2015;Silva et al 2018;Leoci et al 2019;Rafatmah, Mogheiseh, and Eshghi 2019). However, many studies report side effects in the treated animals, such as swelling, inflammation, pain, hemorrhage, necrosis and scrotal ulcerations (Levy et al 2008;Oliveira et al 2013;Forz an et al 2014;Rafatmah, Mogheiseh, and Eshghi 2019). In this sense, researches are still needed to optimize these methods or find new approaches to impair male animal reproduction.…”

Desexing Dogs: A Review of the Current Literature

“…Various chemical sclerotizing agents have been proposed, among them intratesticular injections of calcium chloride or zinc gluconate [63][64][65], intraepididymal injections of chlorhexidine gluconate, zinc arginine, or formalin [28,66,67], and injections of ethanol, silver nitrate, acetic acid, formalin, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium morrhuate, or potassium permanganate into the vas deferens [68]. Among these methods, intratesticular injections of calcium chloride or zinc gluconate have seen limited use in private veterinary practice and particularly in shelter medicine.…”

Changes in blood testosterone concentrations after surgical and chemical sterilization of male free-roaming dogs in southern Chile

“…Dogs with 99 transmissible venereal tumors were surgically castrated, and dogs with mild chronic neurological 100 signs and an owner history suggestive of past illness from canine distemper virus were placed in 101 the chemical sterilization group ( Table 1). Two of the dogs in the chemical sterilization group 102 suffered from severe adverse reactions that required surgical correction (bilateral orchiectomy 103 with scrotal ablation) at 8 and 13 d post-treatment [8]. Testosterone samples from the first of 104 these two dogs were not included in the analysis, as the animal failed to complete the study; the 105 second dog was ultimately included in the surgical castration group but the testosterone sample 106 taken on the day of treatment (chemical sterilization, t0) for that animal was removed from the 107 analysis.…”