Necrosis and Rupture of the Aorta and Pulmonary Trunk in Four Horses

Linde‐Sipman, J. S. van der; Kroneman, J.; Meulenaar, H.; Vos, J. H.

doi:10.1177/030098588502200108

Cited by 35 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…Aortic rupture and dissection with extension to the pulmonary artery has been described in several horses, particularly of Friesian ancestry. 29,30 Pulmonary artery dissection and rupture has also been reported in cattle with fibrillin deficiency and a syndrome comparable to the human Marfan syndrome. 31 The authors are aware of 4 cases reported in the literature describing pulmonary artery dissections in dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary artery dissection in eight dogs with patent ductus arteriosus

Scansen

Simpson

López-Alvarez

et al. 2015

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary artery dissection in eight dogs with patent ductus arteriosus

Scansen

Simpson

López-Alvarez

et al. 2015

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

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“…Areas of calcification were found in horses. All horses had many vasa vasorum in the media and adventitia of the aorta and the pulmonary trunk with intimal thickening, medial fibrosis, or both (LINDE-SIPMAN et al,1985). The lumen of many vasa vasorum was completely obliterated.…”

Section: Clinical and Pathological Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant genetic lines prone to certain phenotypic or genotypic traits could possibly be prone to vascular hypertension. Since aortic and pulmonary trunk ruptures occurred in three Friesian horses which were descendants from the same sire, a genetic cause cannot be excluded (LINDE-SIPMAN et al,1985).…”

Section: Genetic: Inbreeding Racial Predispositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden death, aortic rupture in horses, literature review, case studies reported and risk factors

Briceño

Méndez

Brewer³

et al. 2015

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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Sudden deaths of horses in multiple equestrian disciplines have been attributed to acute and chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to perform a review of aortic rupture in horses analyzing , case studies and assessing risk factors. The literature has reported a total of 137 cases of aortic rupture in horses for 28 years , with approximately five horses dying of aortic rupture per year. Histopathologically, there are observed discrete macroscopic degenerative changes in the intima layer only in the aorta. The histological evaluation in the beginning portion of the aorta of the heart evidenced degenerative changes with loss of continuity and distribution of elastic fibers. Risk factors for the rupture of the aorta are: spontaneous rupture associated with hypertension, preexisting vascular injury (aneurysm), dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, copper levels in the endothelium, genetic factors such as inbreeding, toxicology or pharmacological factors. Aortic rupture shows similarity with pulmonary hemorrhage induced by exercise especially under the locomotors induced trauma theory of exercise that can induce pulmonary hemorrhage. In conclusion, degenerative changes to discrete elastic fiber of the intima of the aorta in the emergence of the heart seem to predispose the aorta wall rupture at the time of maximum blood pressure during exercise and the consequent collapse and athletic horse's death.Keywords: Aorta. Equine. Horse. Sudden dead. Thoroughbreds. ResumoAs mortes súbitas de cavalos em várias provas equestres têm sido atribuídas a doenças respiratórias e cardiovasculares agudas e crônicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi efetuar uma revisão de literatura da ruptura da aorta em cavalos analisando estudos de caso e estabelecendo os possíveis fatores de risco. Na revisão da literatura no período de 28 anos foram localizados 137 casos de ruptura da aorta em cavalos com aproximadamente cinco cavalos morrendo por essa causa por ano. Histologicamente, são observadas alterações macroscópicas discretas degenerativas na camada íntima da aorta. A avaliação histológica na porção inicial da aorta do coração evidencia alterações degenerativas com perda de continuidade e distribuição das fibras elásticas. Fatores de risco para a ruptura da aorta dos cavalos são: ruptura espontânea associada com hipertensão, lesão vascular pré-existente (aneurisma), cardiomiopatia dilatada ou hipertrófica, níveis de cobre no endotélio, fatores genéticos, tais como a consanguinidade na criação, toxicologia e aspectos farmacológicos. A ruptura aórtica mostra semelhança com hemorragia pulmonar induzida pelo exercício. Em conclusão, alterações degenerativas discretas das fibras elásticas da íntima da aorta parecem predispor a ruptura da parede da aorta, no momento da pressão máxima de sangue durante o exercício determinando o consequente colapso e morte do cavalo atleta.Palavras-chave: Aorta. Equino. Cavalo. Morte súbita. Thoroughbreds.

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“…Verursacht wird diese fokale Lumenerweiterung der Speiseröhre entweder durch eine Verwachsung zwischen Ösophagus und Trachea (Traktionsdivertikel), oder sie entsteht aufgrund von Druckerhöhung im Öso-phagus durch Ausstülpungen der Schleimhaut und Submukosa durch die Muskelschicht (Pulsionsdivertikel, Vrins et al 1983, Bezdekova 2012. Weiterhin muss ein Aneurysma der Aorta in Betracht gezogen werden, das primär keine klinischen Symptomen verursacht (van der Linde-Sipman et al 1985, Shirai et al 1999, Sleeper et al 2001 fig. 3a: the trachea and the main bronchial tubes were compressed of a opaque mass in the area of the aortic arch, fig.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Durch diese Untersuchung konnte im vorliegenden Fall ein Ösophagusdivertikel ausgeschlossen werden, da sich die Umfangsvermehrung nicht mit Bariumsulfat füllte. In der Literatur sind mehrere Fälle von Aneurysmen zwischen den Valvae aortae und dem Arcus aortae beschrieben (van der Linde-Sipman et al 1985, Shirai et al 1999, Sleeper et al 2001. 1990 ist es Reef und Mitarbeitern gelungen, bei einem 3-jährigen Vollbluthengst ein Aneurysma des rechten Aortensinus mittels Echokardiographie nachzuweisen.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Peritracheal intrathoracic granuloma in a Thoroughbred mare

Brünker¹,

Peters²,

Wohlsein³

et al. 2013

PHK

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Eine 7-jährige Vollblutstute wurde mit Husten und Dyspnoe unter Belastung vorgestellt. Eine Bronchoskopie ergab kranial der Bifurcatio tracheae eine dorsoventrale Kompression der Trachea. Die endoskopische Untersuchung des Ösophagus zeigte eine geringgradige Kompression von rechts dorsolateral. Röntgenologisch wurde eine gut umschriebene, röntgendichte Verschattung festgestellt, die teilweise die Aorta im Bereich des Arcus aortae überlagerte. Trotz zweiwöchiger antibiotischer Therapie verschlechterte sich der Zustand der Stute. Sie zeigte ein deutlich eingeschränktes Allgemeinbefinden mit Tachypnoe und hochgradiger Dyspnoe. Endoskopisch und röntgenologisch wurde eine fast vollständige Kompression der Trachea festgestellt. Die Stute wurde aufgrund der schlechten Prognose euthanasiert. Pathomorphologisch wurde dorsal der Bifurcatio tracheae eine 16 x 11 x 10 cm große, vom Lungengewebe gut abgegrenzte Umfangsvermehrung festgestellt, die sich pathohistologisch als chronische, granulomatöse Enzündung mit flächenhaften Nekrosen darstellte. Eine Fremdkörpe-raspiration, möglicherweise unter Beteiligung des aus dem Granulom isolierten Bakteriums Shewanella putrefaciens, könnte zur Entstehung geführt haben. Differentialdiagnostisch sind peritracheale Abszesse, eine apostematöse Lymphadenitis oder Pneumonie, primäre Lungentumoren, Lungenmetastasen, ein Ösophagusdivertikel oder ein Aneurysma der Aorta zu beachten.Schlüsselwörter: Pferd / Dyspnoe / Shewanella putrefaciens / intrathorakal / Granulom Peritracheal intrathoracic granuloma in a Thoroughbred mareA seven-year-old thoroughbred mare was presented because of coughing and dyspnoe during exercise. The general condition was normal. Rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rate were within physiological ranges. Conspicuous was a slight dyspnoe and an inspiratory tracheal breathing disorder extending the neck. Endoscopic examination revealed a dorsoventral compression of the trachea cranial to the bifurcation and a slight right dorsolateral compression of the oesophagus. The x-rays showed a well circumscribed, opaque mass in the area of the aortic arch. The trachea and the main bronchial tubes as well as the oesophagus were dorsally compressed. For further diagnostic positive contrast radiographs barium sulfate were taken. The mass that made the compression of the oesophagus didn't take up any barium sulphate itself. The non-ionic contrast medium iopromid was injected intravenously. The mass didn't show any radiographic uptake of the iopromid. The mare was sent home with a two weeks antibiotic treatment. The general condition progressively deteriorated, tachypnoe and severe dyspnoe appeared. Auscultation indicated inspiratory and expiratory tracheal breathing noises as well as tracheobronchial vesicular breathing noises at the right thorax. Endoscopy and radiographic examination revealed an almost total compression of the trachea. The mare was euthanized because of poor prognosis. Pathomorphologic examination showed a 16 x 11 x 10 cm mass dorsal of the bifurcatio trachea ...

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Necrosis and Rupture of the Aorta and Pulmonary Trunk in Four Horses

Cited by 35 publications

References 1 publication

Pulmonary artery dissection in eight dogs with patent ductus arteriosus

Pulmonary artery dissection in eight dogs with patent ductus arteriosus

Sudden death, aortic rupture in horses, literature review, case studies reported and risk factors

Peritracheal intrathoracic granuloma in a Thoroughbred mare

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