Necropsy as an Important Diagnostic Step in Veterinary Pathology: The Past, Present, and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Necropsy, or animal autopsy, is a cornerstone of veterinary pathology that serves as a critical tool for diagnosing the causes of death and understanding disease processes in animals. Historically, necropsy practices can be traced back to ancient civilizations, and the Renaissance period marked significant advancements with detailed anatomical studies. The 19th century further revolutionized veterinary pathology with systematic necropsy techniques and the emphasis on cellular pathology. In contemporary veterinary practice, necropsy remains a gold standard for diagnosing unexplained deaths and diseases. It plays a key role in public health by identifying zoonotic pathogens and preventing disease outbreaks. Necropsy is also crucial for wildlife conservation, helping to investigate mortality events and assess ecosystem health. In veterinary education, it provides essential hands-on experience for students, while in research, it offers specimens for studying disease mechanisms and developing new diagnostic methods. Future advancements in necropsy include the integration of digital imaging technologies such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, molecular and genetic techniques such as polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing, and utilization of artificial intelligence. These innovations present potential toward transformation of the practice, thus making it more efficient and precise. Furthermore, ethical considerations and the standardization of necropsy protocols are essential to ensure the humane handling of animals remains and consistency in findings. In conclusion, as technology and scientific understanding evolve, necropsy will continue to be an invaluable asset in veterinary medicine, thus contributing significantly to animal health, public health, and educational and research advancements.