Neck Muscular Strength, Training, Performance and Sport Injury Risk: A Review

Hrysomallis, Con

doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0490-4

Cited by 56 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Moreover, in a retrospective analysis of professional rugby union players, Naish et al (2013) reported a significant decrease in the number of match-related cervical spine injuries after a 26-week neck strengthening program. Furthermore, a neck strengthening program, similar to that described in this study, has been found to be effective at reducing neck injuries in rugby players (Hrysomallis, 2016). It is well known that tackling in rugby union is responsible for the most injuries sustained by players (Williams, Trewartha, Kemp, & Stokes, 2013), and that head placement is an important factor in these injuries (Tucker et al, 2017).…”

Section: 90supporting

confidence: 59%

Effect of a 6-week exercise intervention for improved neck muscle strength in amateur male rugby union players.

2020

JSES

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Neck strengthening for players in impact sports like rugby is receiving greater attention lately due to postulated associations with head and neck injury and concussion and while research is available on the effectiveness of neck strengthening interventions on professional rugby players, the same research has not been conducted on amateurs who make up the majority of rugby players. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a 6-week neck strengthening intervention on a group of male amateur rugby union players (20.1 ± 2.0 yr, mean ± SD). In a randomized controlled trial, players worked with their trainer to practice neck-specific strengthening exercises 3 times per week for 6 weeks (strength group, n = 22) or performed no additional neck strengthening exercises (control group, n =17). Isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was measured pre and post the intervention in 4 different directions (flexion, extension, left and right lateral flexion). Compared to the control group the strength group improved neck strength in all directions except flexion (flexion 7.1 ± 13.0 kg, mean ± SD, 75/18/7%, chances of positive/trivial/negative increase in strength, p = 0.28; extension 13.5 ± 14.6 kg, 92/7/1%, p = 0.07; left lateral flexion 13.5 ± 11.3 kg, 97/3/0%, p = 0.02; right lateral flexion 13.8 ± 14.9 kg, 92/7/1%, p = 0.07. Our results indicate that a simple 6-week neck strengthening program improves isometric MVC strength in male amateur rugby players.

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Section: 90supporting

confidence: 59%

Effect of a 6-week exercise intervention for improved neck muscle strength in amateur male rugby union players.

2020

JSES

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“…High school female soccer players with weaker neck strength have a greater chance of sustaining a concussion compared to high school female soccer players who have stronger necks. Hrysomallis (2016) discussed studies regarding neck strength relating to concussions. Hrysomallis (2016) found increasing isometric neck strength is directly related to decreasing injuries.…”

Section: Neck Musculature Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Hrysomallis (2016) discussed studies regarding neck strength relating to concussions. Hrysomallis (2016) found increasing isometric neck strength is directly related to decreasing injuries. This may be useful as a screening tool for injury risk with athletes.…”

Section: Neck Musculature Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of vision training, neck musculature strength, and reaction time on concussions in an athletic population

Honda¹,

Chang²,

Kim

2018

J Exerc Rehabil

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A concussion is a major concern across the athletic population. Prevention of concussions can lead to a decrease of 3.8 million concussions that occur annually in the United States. Vision training, increasing neck musculature strength and quick reaction times are thought to be ways to prevent concussions. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on vision training, neck musculature, and reaction time, and how these interventions can prevent concussions. Upon review of the literature, vision training is proven to prevent concussions in a collegiate football setting, but there is no literature on different levels or sports. There are inconclusive results on whether neck musculature strength prevents concussions. There are substantial results concluding reaction time does prevent concussions by allowing the athlete to protect and anticipate head impact lessening the severity of the blow to the head. More research needs to be done for all three interventions to prove across all ages and levels of every sport that vision training, neck musculature strength, and reaction time prevent concussions in an athletic population. If proven true, practitioners in an athletic setting can use vision training, increasing neck musculature strength, and increasing reaction time as interventions to help prevent concussions in an athletic population.

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“…In (6), the parameters and are positive constant scalars which can be adjusted considering the expected transition between interaction modes for each patient. Figure 2 shows the evaluation of function with respect to the components of̂.…”

Section: Adaptive Control Design For the Neck Orthosis Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vertebral herniated disk, radiculopathy, meningitis, and vertebral fractures are the most common pathologies associated with the cervical section of the spinal cord [3][4][5]. In general, their symptoms include persistent 2 Mathematical Problems in Engineering pain, controlled mobilization difficulties of the affected zone, and restricted articulation displacements as well as muscular inflammation [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impedance Adaptive Controller for a Prototype of a Whiplash Syndrome Rehabilitation Device

Guzman-Victoria

Salgado

Mera

et al. 2019

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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The objective of this study was to design of an output based impedance adaptive controller for a special class of cervical orthoses, a class of biomedical devices for the rehabilitation of neck illnesses. The controller used the adaptive sliding mode theory to enforce the tracking of the reference trajectory if the patient was not resistant to the therapy. If the patient rejects the orthosis activity, a second impedance-based controller governs the orthosis movement allowing the patient to take the leading role in the orthosis sequence of movements. The proposed controller considers a weighted controller combining the tracking and the impedance controls in a single structure. The monitoring of the external force was evaluated on a novel weighting function defining on-line the role of each controller. The proposed orthosis was motivated by the prevalence of whiplash, which is a syndrome that is produced by forced hyperextension and hyperflexion of the neck. This study included the development of a technological prototype of the orthotic type to support the recovery of patients diagnosed with whiplash. The sections that make up the orthotic device are two independent systems that move the patient’s head in the sagittal and frontal planes. For this purpose, the mechanical structure of the cervical orthosis was made up of 7 pieces printed in 3D with polylactic acid (PLA). The operation of the cervical orthosis was evaluated in two sections: (a) using a simulation system, which consists of a spring with an artificial head and the development of a graphic interface in Matlab, and (b) evaluating the controller on the proposed orthosis. With these elements, the follow-up of the trajectory proposed by the actuators was evaluated, as well as its performance in the face of the opposition that a patient generates. The superiority of the proposed controller was confirmed by comparing the tracking efficiency with proportional-integral-derivative and first-order sliding variants.

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Neck Muscular Strength, Training, Performance and Sport Injury Risk: A Review

Cited by 56 publications

References 36 publications

Effect of a 6-week exercise intervention for improved neck muscle strength in amateur male rugby union players.

Effect of a 6-week exercise intervention for improved neck muscle strength in amateur male rugby union players.

The effects of vision training, neck musculature strength, and reaction time on concussions in an athletic population

Impedance Adaptive Controller for a Prototype of a Whiplash Syndrome Rehabilitation Device

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