Neck

Rea, Paul

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803633-4.00003-x

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For the upper trapezius, only 30% of individuals exhibited a proximal attachment at the occipital bone, with the remainder of the attachments solely at the nuchal ligament. These findings contrast with previous literature, where the upper trapezius is described to attach proximally to both the occipital bone and nuchal ligament (Abbott & Lucas, 1954; Allia & Gorniak, 2013; Bayoglu et al, 2017; Borst et al, 2011; Fielding et al, 1976; Giacomo et al, 2008; Houseman et al, 2000; Johnson et al, 1994; Kamibayashi & Richmond, 1998; Kawtharani & Hasan, 2018; Mercer & Bogduk, 2003; Phadnis & Bain, 2015; Rea, 2016; Van Ee et al, 2000; Vasavada et al, 2011; White et al, 2011). The lack of proximal skeletal attachments for the upper trapezius in this study differed from the expected outcome and may warrant further investigation of this attachment site in other populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture of head and neck soft tissues and associated entheses: An exploration of sexual dimorphism in, and population differences between, New Zealand and Thai individuals

et al. 2023

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Understanding the musculoskeletal anatomy of soft tissues of the head and neck is important for surgical applications, biomechanical modelling and management of injuries, such as whiplash. Additionally, analysing sex and population differences in cervical anatomy can inform how biological sex and population variation may impact these anatomical applications. Although some muscles of the head and neck are well-studied, there is limited architectural information that also analyses sex and population variation, for many small cervical soft tissues (muscles and ligaments) and associated entheses (soft tissue attachment sites). Therefore, the aim of this study was to present architectural data (e.g., proximal and distal attachment sites, muscle physiological cross-sectional area, ligament mass, enthesis area) and analyse sex and population differences in soft tissues and entheses associated with sexually dimorphic landmarks on the cranium (nuchal crest and mastoid process) and clavicle (rhomboid fossa). Through the dissection and three-dimensional analysis of 20 donated cadavers from New Zealand (five males, five females; mean age 83 ± 8 years; range 67-93 years) and Thailand (five males, five females; 69 ± 13 years; range 44-87 years), the following soft tissues and their associated entheses were analysed: upper trapezius, semispinalis capitis and the nuchal ligament (nuchal crest); sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis and longissimus capitis (mastoid process); the clavicular head of pectoralis major, subclavius, sternohyoid and the costoclavicular (rhomboid) ligament (rhomboid fossa). Findings indicate that although muscle, ligament and enthesis sizes were generally similar to previously published data, muscle size was smaller for six of the eight muscles in this study, with only the upper trapezius and subclavius demonstrating similar values to previous studies. Proximal and distal attachment sites were largely consistent with the current research. However, some individuals (six of 20) had proximal upper trapezius attachments on the cranium, with most attaching solely to the nuchal ligament, contrasting with existing literature, which often describes

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture of head and neck soft tissues and associated entheses: An exploration of sexual dimorphism in, and population differences between, New Zealand and Thai individuals

et al. 2023

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a sensory nerve that is encountered during this approach called the long buccal nerve, which is a distal branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve . It provides sensory input to the buccal mucous membrane, the skin of the cheek, and the second and third molars . It passes between the lateral pterygoid heads, then inferior to the temporalis tendon running along the lateral aspect of the buccinator muscle and then provides branches to the buccal mucous membrane .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It provides sensory input to the buccal mucous membrane, the skin of the cheek, and the second and third molars . It passes between the lateral pterygoid heads, then inferior to the temporalis tendon running along the lateral aspect of the buccinator muscle and then provides branches to the buccal mucous membrane . The nerve can be differentiated from branches of the facial nerve by how it runs in a superior-to-inferior direction and how it is medial to the buccal fat pad and the facial artery and vein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluctuant Facial Mass

Ashman

Paskhover

2020

JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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“…The ansa cervicalis (AC), the connection between the cervical plexus (C1, C2) and the HN, is a loop of nerves, which innervates the omohyoid muscle’s superior belly as well as the superior part of the sternothyroid and the sternohyoid muscles [ 3 , 7 ]. Activation of these muscles initiates hyolaryngeal elevation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Cranial Nerve Stimulation on Swallowing: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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This systematic review summarizes published studies on the effect of cranial nerve stimulation (CNS) on swallowing and determines the level of evidence of the included studies to guide the development of future research on new treatment strategies for oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) using CNS. Studies published between January 1990 and October 2019 were found via a systematic comprehensive electronic database search using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Two independent reviewers screened all articles based on the title and abstract using strict inclusion criteria. They independently screened the full text of this initial set of articles. The level of evidence of the included studies was assessed independently by the two reviewers using the A–B–C rating scale. In total, 3267 articles were found in the databases. In the majority of these studies, CNS was used for treatment-resistant depression or intractable epilepsy. Finally, twenty-eight studies were included; seven studies on treatment of depression, thirteen on epilepsy, and eight on heterogeneous indications. Of these, eight studies reported the effects of CNS on swallowing and in 20 studies the swallowing outcome was described as an adverse reaction. A meta-analysis could not be carried out due to the poor methodological quality and heterogeneity of study designs of the included studies. These preliminary data suggest that specific well-indicated CNS might be effective in reducing OD symptoms in selective patient groups. But it is much too early for conclusive statements on this topic. In conclusion, the results of these studies are encouraging for future research on CNS for OD. However, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trials with sufficiently large sample sizes are necessary.

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Neck

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Architecture of head and neck soft tissues and associated entheses: An exploration of sexual dimorphism in, and population differences between, New Zealand and Thai individuals

Architecture of head and neck soft tissues and associated entheses: An exploration of sexual dimorphism in, and population differences between, New Zealand and Thai individuals

Fluctuant Facial Mass

The Effect of Cranial Nerve Stimulation on Swallowing: A Systematic Review

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