Necessity to create agricultural vehicles

Abstract

To ensure harvesting and transportation of crops on soils with low bearing capacity, a number of designs of harvesting vehicles on caterpillar tracks have been developed. Currently, a large fleet of harvesting and transporting machines operates in the caterpillar drive in the Far East, the countries of the near abroad, the Baltic States, Central Asia, Cuba, Vietnam and China. The main distinguishing feature of this class of machines is the need to provide high cross-country ability with minimal destruction of the fertile soil layer. The most important requirements for caterpillar propulsors, presented by consumers, are requirements for ensuring performance on surfaced roads, reducing noise and vibration of parts, increasing transport and operating speeds, driving comfort, increasing of service life, reducing of negative impact on the soil. Agriculture of Russia bears great losses due to the lack of equipment for working on soils with low bearing capacity, which leads to the fact that harvesting of winter crops lasts more than 40 days, losses reach 42%. In a rainy year, the number of harvesting and transport equipment is increasing, the machines cannot enter the field and are idle. To increase the efficiency of agriculture, it is necessary to develop technological means for performing transportation and technological processes in adverse weather conditions. A number of agricultural crops, such as soy and rice, are grown using paddy fields, which makes it difficult to harvest crops from harvesters. During application of fertilizers, about 40% of the soil surface is compacted by wheels. Sealing of soil promotes formation of large and dense blocks during plowing, which worsen the conditions for normal plant growth. At present, none of commercially produced vehicles used in agriculture meets the requirements of GOST 26955-86.