Necessary but not sufficient: The respective roles of single and multiple influences on individual development.

Wachs, Theodore D.

doi:10.1037/10344-000

Cited by 233 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 642 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

219

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although integrative studies are complex, Wachs (2000) has argued that such research is necessary. He has suggested that theory and existing knowledge should be used to identify the most salient influences for a given outcome, and that these influences should then be examined in integrated studies.…”

Section: Implications For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examinations of the factors that are related to variability in outcome for health conditions usually focus on a narrow class of influences (e.g., environmental variables), but rarely incorporate a broad range of explanatory factors (Wachs, 2000). Such investigations typically find that a class of influences only explains a portion of the variability in a given outcome.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Determinants of functioning and well-being among individuals with schizophrenia: An integrated model

Yanos

Moos

2007

Clinical Psychology Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Outcomes for health conditions are typically the result of multiple factors; however, studies tend to focus on a narrow class of variables. Functioning and well-being outcomes for schizophrenia are diverse and have resisted simple explanation; however, prior research has not offered an integrated understanding of the relative contributions of enduring and episodic environmental factors, personal resources and psychiatric factors, and cognitive appraisal and coping, on functioning and well-being outcomes in schizophrenia. The present article sets out an integrated model of the determinants of functioning and well-being among individuals with schizophrenia. To examine evidence that bears on the model, literature on hypothesized relationships is reviewed to identify areas for which there is strong evidence and areas where more research is needed. The article suggests areas for further research, and directs researchers and practitioners toward areas of intervention that can enhance functioning and well-being for persons diagnosed with schizophrenia.

show abstract

Section: Implications For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of functioning and well-being among individuals with schizophrenia: An integrated model

Yanos

Moos

2007

Clinical Psychology Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…136,138,139 Evidence supporting an indirect impact-Early contextual influences also may have long-term consequences through constraining or enhancing later reactivity either epigenetically or through neural mechanisms. 49,50,140 Similarly, developmental researchers have described five behavioral processes through which early exposure to stressors or protective factors can influence later reactivity: 141,142 • Facilitation: positive early experiences increase the child's receptivity to positive later experiences;…”

Section: Do Early Contextual Influences or Interventions Impact Upon mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…169 The role of "causal chains"-Whether or not there is a long term impact of early interventions also may depend on the degree to which the early intervention initiates causal chains of later occurring events which serve to maintain the impact of the early event. 142 For example longitudinal findings show not only how children's participation in a quality preschool program directly enhances cognitive skills at age 6 but also how, over time, intervention children also had a higher probability of subsequently receiving more parental and teacher educational support and involvement, were more likely to attend higher quality schools, and were are at lower risk for parent abuse or neglect, repeatedly changing schools or grade retention. 170 Path analyses illustrate how these later naturally occurring parental and school causal chain links associated with early interventions serve to influence the child's educational attainment through early adulthood.…”

Section: Are Later Influences Necessary To Maintain the Impact Of Primentioning

confidence: 99%

Issues in the Timing of Integrated Early Interventions: Contributions from Nutrition, Neuroscience, and Psychological Research

Wachs¹,

Georgieff²,

Cusick³

et al. 2015

Prenatal and Childhood Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A central issue when designing multi-dimensional biological and psychosocial interventions for children who are exposed to multiple developmental risks is identification of the age period(s) in which such interventions will have the strongest and longest lasting impact (sensitive periods). In this paper we review nutritional, neuroscience and psychological evidence on this issue. Nutritional evidence is used to identify nutrient sensitive periods of age-linked dimensions of brain development, with specific reference to iron deficiency. Neuroscience evidence is used to assess the importance of timing of exposures to environmental stressors for maintaining neural, neuroendocrine and immune systems integrity. Psychological evidence illustrates the sensitivity of cognitive and social-emotional development to contextual risk and protective influences encountered at different ages. Evidence reviewed documents that the early years of life are a sensitive period where biological or psychosocial interventions or exposure to risk or protective contextual influences can produce unique long-term influences upon human brain, neuroendocrine and cognitive or psychosocial development. However, the evidence does not identify the early years as the sole sensitive time period within which to have a significant influence upon development. Choice of age(s) to initiate interventions should be based on what outcomes are targeted and what interventions are used.

show abstract

“…Prenatal folate [37] and choline [38] defi ciencies affect the duration of pregnancy and infant birth weight [32,33]. In his review of the antecedents to developmental delay, Wachs reports that of infants with birth weights between 1.5 and 2.5 kg "20 % have mild educational problems," and there is an "increased risk of later over-activity, short attention span, and emotional immaturity [39]. "…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

Karp

Wong

Orsi

2014

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Signifi cant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were signifi cantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were signifi cantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient defi ciencies.

show abstract

Necessary but not sufficient: The respective roles of single and multiple influences on individual development.

Cited by 233 publications

References 642 publications

Determinants of functioning and well-being among individuals with schizophrenia: An integrated model

Determinants of functioning and well-being among individuals with schizophrenia: An integrated model

Issues in the Timing of Integrated Early Interventions: Contributions from Nutrition, Neuroscience, and Psychological Research

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About