“…The connection between AFS fuzzy logic system and Zadeh algebra is established in the work of Kukkurainen (). From data mining and knowledge discovery methodology point of view, AFS theory has been extended for many learning tasks including AFS clustering (Liu, Wang, & Chai, ; Ding, Liu, & Chen, ; Ren, Song, & Liu, ; Liu & Ren, ; Liu, Wang, & Pedrycz, ; Q. Li, Ren, Li, & Liu, ; Y. Wang, Duan, Liu, Wang, & Li, ), AFS classification (Duan et al, ; Liu, Feng, & Pedrycz, ; Liu & Liu, ; Liu & Pedrycz, ; Ren, Liu, & Cao, ), AFS rough set (Liu, Pedrycz, Chai, & Song, ; Ebonzo & Liu, ; L. Wang, Ren, & Liu, ; L. Wang, Liu, & Qiu, ), AFS formal concept analysis (FCA; L. Wang & Liu, ; L. Wang, Liu, & Cao, ; L. Wang & Liu, ), and AFS pseudometric topology (Ding et al, ). During the past decade, we have witnessed a variety of applications of AFS theory in many fields, such as computer vision (Q. Li, Ren, Li, & Liu, ; Ren, Li, Liu, & Li, ; Sarkhel, Das, Saha, & Nasipuri, ; Z. Li, Zhang, Duan, Wang, & Shi, ; Z. Li et al, ), financial data analysis (Liu & Liu, ; W. Wang & Liu, ; Tao, Liu, & Chen, ; Tian, Liu, & Wang, ; Guo, Pedrycz, & Liu, ), business intelligence (Bi, Cai, Liu, & Li, ; Xu, Liu, & Chen, ; Y. Li, Liu, & Chen, , , ; Tao, Chen, Liu, & Wang, ; Ebonzo & Liu, ; Y. Wang, Ma, Lao, & Wang, ; Y. Wang, Ma, Xu, Wang, & Liu, ; Ebonzo, Lu, & Liu, ), and clinical data analysis (Silva, Vieira, & Sousa, ).…”