Nearly Half of Women Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy in Northwest Ethiopia, 2021; The Role of Social Support and Decision-Making Power

Kebede, Azmeraw Ambachew; Aklil, Mastewal Belayneh; Gessesse, Dereje Nibret; Tsega, Nuhamin Tesfa; Temesgan, Wubedle Zelalem; Abegaz, Marta Yimam; Anteneh, Tazeb Alemu; Tibebu, Nebiyu Solomon; Alemu, Haymanot Nigatu; Haile, Tsion Tadesse; Seyoum, Asmra Tesfahun; Tiguh, Agumas Eskezia; Yismaw, Ayenew Engida; Nenko, Goshu; Wondie, Kindu Yinges; Taye, Birhan Tsegaw; Mihret, Muhabaw Shumye

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.904792

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Prevalence of IPV is lower than the pooled magnitude reported in different parts of Ethiopian and in East Africa (9,13,23,24). This might be attributed to two studies are based on demographic and health survey data which include emotion/physiological violence while this study entertains only Physical and/or sexual IPV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…In Africa its prevalence ranges from 2% to 57%, with an average overall prevalence of 15.23% (5,8). In Ethiopia, one in three women of reproductive age group experienced at least one form of physical and/or sexual violence (2), and nearly half of women experience IPV during pregnancy in North West Ethiopia (9). IPV in Ethiopia ranged from 12% in Yirgalem (10) to 44.7% Abay Chome district (11), with an average prevalence of 26.1% nationally (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intimate Partner Violence during Index pregnancy and its correlates in Ethiopia, Evidence from Performance, and Monitoring for Action (PMA) 2021 Cohort Two Baseline Survey

Abrha,

Tariku,

Ayele

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Introduction: Current intimate partner violence (IPV) in Ethiopia is considerably high. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of IPV among pregnant women during their index pregnancy and identify its correlates using Performance Monitoring for action (PMA) cohort 2 baseline data. Documenting the magnitude of IPV during the index pregnancy and identifying factors affecting it contributes its share for the ministry and other relevant partners in tracking progress towards eliminating all forms of violence against women and girls by 2030. Methods: This study used PMA cohort 2 baseline data which enrolled and collected data from currently pregnant women. Frequency was computed to describe the study participant’s characteristics, and chi-square statistics was used to assess cell sample size adequacy. Multilevel binary logistics regression was employed to identify correlates of IPV. Results were presented in the form percentages and odds ratio with 95% Confidence Intervals. Candidate variables were selected using p-value of 0.25. Statistical significance was declared at p-value of 0.05. Results: One in six 16.7% (14.81%, 18.76%) pregnant women reported experiencing at least one form of physical and/or sexual IPV during their index pregnancy. The prevalence of encountering at least one form of sexual violence was 12.53% (10.91%, 14.35%) while 7% (5.5%, 8.3%) of them experienced at least one form physical intimate partner violence during their index pregnancy. After controlling confounders, women perceived risk about contraceptive use, increased parity and family size were the fixed effects found to increase the odds of IPV while being in the third trimester of gestation by enrollment was another fixed effect variable which contributed for the lower odds of experiencing IPV during the index pregnancy. Conclusions and recommendations: The overall burden of IPV reported was high, with nearly double the percentage of women experiencing sexual violence during the index pregnancy compared to physical IPV. More work needs to be done to achieve zero tolerance against any form of violence among women and girls in general and among pregnant women in particular. Efforts targeted in improving women perception on issue related with their contraceptive use, counseling women on how to prevent IPV during their antenatal care (ANC) visit along with advising the use of inter pregnancy contraception and empowering them to decide on their family fertility desire are hoped to mitigate such considerably high odds of IPV among pregnant women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimate Partner Violence during Index pregnancy and its correlates in Ethiopia, Evidence from Performance, and Monitoring for Action (PMA) 2021 Cohort Two Baseline Survey

Abrha,

Tariku,

Ayele

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Couple sociodemographic characteristics were not found signi cant in this study while previous studies reported a nding like this study and an association report with IPV as well. Like studies (9,35) age of the respondent is not found signi cant while studies (13,24,(36)(37)(38) reported that advanced respondent age and lower to middle wealth index were found to increase the odds of IPV. In line with studies (23,35) respondent educational status is not found signi cantly affecting IPV, while studies (9,13,16,37) reported that no formal education was found to increase the odds of IPV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Like studies (9,35) age of the respondent is not found signi cant while studies (13,24,(36)(37)(38) reported that advanced respondent age and lower to middle wealth index were found to increase the odds of IPV. In line with studies (23,35) respondent educational status is not found signi cantly affecting IPV, while studies (9,13,16,37) reported that no formal education was found to increase the odds of IPV. In this study husband educational status and age does not show signi cant association with IPV while studies (27,39) reported that husband better educational status lowers odds of IPV and other studies (13,23,37) reported that no or primary husband educational attainment increased the odds of IPV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Partner Conflict among a Cohort of Women during the Index Pregnancy as measured in the Extended Postpartum Six Weeks Period and its correlates in Ethiopia: Community Based Longitudinal Data; A Multilevel Analysis

Damtew,

Atinafu,

Gidey

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Introduction: Current intimate partner violence (IPV) in Ethiopia is considerably high. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of the IPV during the index pregnancy as measured in six weeks postpartum among women in the extended six postpartum period and identify its correlates. Documenting the magnitude of six week postpartum IPV during the index pregnancy as measured six weeks in the postpartum period and identifying factors affecting it contributes its share for the ministry and other relevant partners in tracking progress towards eliminating all forms of violence against women and girls by 2030. Methods: This study used PMA merged cohort 1 baseline and six week postpartum data which enrolled and collected data from currently pregnant women. Frequency was computed to describe the study participant’s characteristics, and chi-square statistics was used to assess cell sample size adequacy. Multilevel binary logistics regression was employed to identify correlates of IPV at the extended six postpartum period. Results were presented in the form percentages and odds ratio with 95% Confidence Intervals. Candidate variables were selected using p-value of 0.25. Statistical significance was declared at p-value of 0.05. Results: The proportion of IPV during the index pregnancy as measured six weeks postpartum women where who reported experiencing at least one for of physical or sexual IPV 6 weeks postpartum was 12.14% (10.66%, 13.79%). Over the same period a slightly higher percentage of women reported that they have experienced at least of form of sexual IPV 8.09% (6.91%, 9.44%) than experiencing at least one form of physical IPV 6.02% (4.94%, 7.31%). After controlling confounders, the likelihood of experiencing at least one form of physical and/or sexual IPV was 2.14 (1.04, 4.38) time higher among women whose husband had other wife’s compared to those who do not have. On the contrary, women who were residents of Afar region had 86% 0.14 (0.03, 0.79) lower odds of experiencing one form of physical and/or sexual IPV six weeks postpartum. Activities and efforts which are specific to regions and that address the problem of polygamy are hoped to address the problem IPV. Such activities can be delivered should be tailored along the maternal and new born care continuum.

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“…Women sociodemographic characteristics were not found signi cant in this study while previous studies reported a nding like this study and an association report with IPV as well. Like studies (9,35) age of the respondent is not found signi cant while studies (13,24,(36)(37)(38) reported that advanced respondent age and lower to middle wealth index were found to increase the odds of IPV. In line with studies (23,35) respondent educational status is not found signi cantly affecting IPV, while studies (9, 13, 16, and 37) reported that no formal education was found to increase the odds of IPV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Partner Conflict among a Cohort of Women during the Index Pregnancy as measured in the Extended Postpartum Six Weeks Period and its correlates in Ethiopia: Community Based Longitudinal Data; A Multilevel Logistics Regression Analysis

Damtew,

Atinafu,

Gidey

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Current intimate partner violence (IPV) in Ethiopia is considerably high which pronounced during pregnancy. Recent evidences showed that sexual violence is exceeding physical violence. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of the IPV during the index pregnancy as measured in six weeks postpartum among women in the extended six weeks postpartum period and identify its correlates. Documenting the magnitude of six weeks postpartum IPV during the index pregnancy as measured six weeks in the postpartum period and identifying factors affecting it contributes its share for the ministry and other relevant partners in tracking progress towards eliminating all forms of violence against women and girls by 2030. Methods This study used PMA merged cohort 1 baseline and six week postpartum data which enrolled and collected data from currently pregnant women. Frequency was computed to describe the study participant’s characteristics, and chi-square statistics was used to assess cell sample size adequacy. Multilevel binary logistics regression was employed to identify correlates of IPV at the extended six weeks postpartum period. Results were presented in the form percentages and odds ratio with 95% Confidence Intervals. Candidate variables were selected using p-value of 0.25. Statistical significance was declared at p-value of 0.05. Results The proportion of experiencing at least one for of physical and/or sexual IPV during the index pregnancy as measured in the extended six weeks postpartum period was 12.14% (10.66%, 13.79%). Over the same period a slightly higher but statistically non-significant 8.09% (6.91%, 9.44%) percentage of women reported that they have experienced at least of form of sexual IPV than the percentage 6.02% (4.94%, 7.31%) of women who reported experiencing at least one form of physical IPV. After controlling confounders, the likelihood of experiencing at least one form of physical and/or sexual IPV during the index pregnancy as measured in the extended six weeks postpartum was 2.14 (1.04, 4.38) times higher among women whose husband had other wife’s compared to those who do not have. On the contrary, women who were residents of Afar region had 86% 0.14 (0.03, 0.79) lower odds of experiencing one form of physical and/or sexual IPV during the index pregnancy as measured in the extended six weeks postpartum. The Ministry of health and developmental partners need to plan and implement Activities and efforts which are specific to regions and that address the problem of polygamy are hoped to address the problem IPV. Such activities should be tailored along the maternal and new born care continuum to be effective.

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Nearly Half of Women Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy in Northwest Ethiopia, 2021; The Role of Social Support and Decision-Making Power

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Intimate Partner Violence during Index pregnancy and its correlates in Ethiopia, Evidence from Performance, and Monitoring for Action (PMA) 2021 Cohort Two Baseline Survey

Intimate Partner Violence during Index pregnancy and its correlates in Ethiopia, Evidence from Performance, and Monitoring for Action (PMA) 2021 Cohort Two Baseline Survey

Partner Conflict among a Cohort of Women during the Index Pregnancy as measured in the Extended Postpartum Six Weeks Period and its correlates in Ethiopia: Community Based Longitudinal Data; A Multilevel Analysis

Partner Conflict among a Cohort of Women during the Index Pregnancy as measured in the Extended Postpartum Six Weeks Period and its correlates in Ethiopia: Community Based Longitudinal Data; A Multilevel Logistics Regression Analysis

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