Nearcritical and supercritical ethanol as a benign solvent: polarity and hydrogen-bonding

Furfural Production Under Subcritical Alcohol Conditions: Effect of Reaction Temperature, Time, and Types of Alcohol

“…With these properties, it is believed that subcritical ethanol enhanced biomass liquefaction, with more hemicellulose fraction cleaved and subsequently converted to f urf ural. On the other ha nd, as the temperature increases, the decrease in the polarizing ability of subcritical ethanol resulted in decreasing of hydrogenbond acidity and basicity, similar to a non-polar solvent 51) .…”

Extraction by Subcritical and Supercritical Water, Methanol, Ethanol and Their Mixtures

“…Supercritical water, for instance, is capable of dissolving hydrocarbons such as hexane. Such behavior is connected with the destruction of the three-dimensional hydrogen bond structure of water and the chain-like and ring hydrogen bonded structures of the alkanols [1,10,13]. The density of supercritical water is shown in Table 5 at several pressures (P r = P/P c ) and temperatures and the densities of supercritical methanol and ethanol at similar reduced pressures and temperatures are shown in Table 6.…”

“…Water The properties of hot, subcritical water, methanol, and ethanol along the saturation line are shown in Tables 2-4, respectively [1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. These properties include the vapor pressures p, the molar enthalpies of vaporization ∆ V H, the density ρ, the isobaric expansibility α P , the isothermal compressibility κ T , the internal pressure P int = Tα P /κ T − p, the isobaric molar heat capacity C p , and the static permittivity ε.…”

Tunable solvents: Shades of green

“…Ethanol and water are the most common examples of liquid solvents applied at near-critical or supercritical conditions [23,24].…”