Near-term climate impacts of Finnish residential wood combustion

Savolahti, Mikko; Karvosenoja, Niko; Soimakallio, Sampo; Kupiainen, Kaarle; Tissari, Jarkko; Paunu, Ville-Veikko

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2019.06.045

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Savolahti et al [8] estimated wood consumption in sauna stoves to be 8.9 PJ in 2015. In that study, the impact of a hypothetical legislation that would force modern SS on the market was explored.…”

Section: Emission Inventoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We estimated that the share of modern sauna stoves would be 15% in 2015 and 97% in 2030. Using the projected wood consumption presented in Savolahti et al [8], we recalculated the PM 2.5 and BC emissions from SS for 2015 and 2030 ( Figure 7). The new estimate for PM 2.5 emissions was 39% lower than the previous one, mainly due to the changed emission factor of conventional sauna stoves.…”

Section: Emission Inventoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the specific appliance groups, sauna stoves remain the largest source of both PM 2.5 and BC emissions in the updated 2015 estimate, but not in 2030. Savolahti et al [8] estimated that emissions from sauna stoves would remain close to current levels in 2030, and that implementing regulations to force less-emitting stoves on the market would produce considerable emission reductions. According to this study, these less-emitting stoves are already on the market, and the emissions might decrease even without measures.…”

Section: Pm1 Bc Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Nordic Countries, air pollution levels are typically low, but Residential Wood Combustion (RWC) appliances are ubiquitous, and are the main source of ambient air particulate pollutants. RWC of the Nordic countries has also been estimated to influence the Arctic climate mainly due to its high BC emissions [2,4,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine Particle Emissions from Sauna Stoves: Effects of Combustion Appliance and Fuel, and Implications for the Finnish Emission Inventory

et al. 2019

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Sauna Stoves (SS) are simple wood combustion appliances used mainly in Nordic countries. They generate emissions that have an impact on air quality and climate. In this study, a new measurement concept for comparing the operation, thermal efficiency, and real-life fine particle and gaseous emissions of SS was utilized. In addition, a novel, simple, and universal emission calculation procedure for the determination of nominal emission factors was developed for which the equations are presented for the first time. Fine particle and gaseous concentrations from 10 different types of SS were investigated. It was found that each SS model was an individual in relation to stove performance: stove heating time, air-to-fuel ratio, thermal efficiency, and emissions. Nine-fold differences in fine particle mass (PM1) concentrations, and about 90-fold differences in concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were found between the SS, when dry (11% moisture content) birch wood was used. By using moist (18%) wood, particle number and carbon monoxide concentrations increased, but interestingly, PM1, PAH, and black carbon (BC) concentrations clearly decreased, when comparing to dry wood. E.g., PAH concentrations were 5.5–9.6 times higher with dry wood than with moist wood. Between wood species, 2–3-fold maximum differences in the emissions were found, whereas about 1.5-fold differences were observed between bark-containing and debarked wood logs. On average, the emissions measured in this study were considerably lower than in previous studies and emission inventories. This suggests that overall the designs of sauna stoves available on the market have improved during the 2010s. The findings of this study were used to update the calculation scheme behind the inventories, causing the estimates for total PM emissions from SS in Finland to decrease. However, wood-fired sauna stoves are still estimated to be the highest individual emission source of fine particles and black carbon in Finland.

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Section: Emission Inventoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emission Inventoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pm1 Bc Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine Particle Emissions from Sauna Stoves: Effects of Combustion Appliance and Fuel, and Implications for the Finnish Emission Inventory

et al. 2019

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“…The emissions for base year 2015 and scenarios up to 2030 were estimated with the national emission scenario model FRES [10]. The main principles of the emission calculations in the model are explained below, and the detailed calculation scheme for RWC emissions have been reported in Savolahti et al [11,12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential Wood Combustion in Finland: PM2.5 Emissions and Health Impacts with and without Abatement Measures

Savolahti

Lehtomäki

Karvosenoja

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Exposure to fine particles in ambient air has been estimated to be one of the leading environmental health risks in Finland. Residential wood combustion is the largest domestic source of fine particles, and there is increasing political interest in finding feasible measures to reduce those emissions. In this paper, we present the PM2.5 emissions from residential wood combustion in Finland, as well as the resulting concentrations. We used population-weighed concentrations in a 250 x 250 m grid as population exposure estimates, with which we calculated the disease burden of the emissions. Compared to a projected baseline scenario, we studied the effect of chosen reduction measures in several abatement scenarios. In 2015, the resulting annual average concentrations were between 0.5 and 2 µg/m3 in the proximity of most cities, and disease burden attributable to residential wood combustion was estimated to be 3400 disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and 200 deaths. Disease burden decreased by 8% in the 2030 baseline scenario and by an additional 63% in the maximum feasible reduction scenario. Informational campaigns and improvement of the sauna stove stock were assessed to be the most feasible abatement measures to be implemented in national air quality policies.

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Emissions and source allocation of carbonaceous air pollutants from wood stoves in developed countries: A review

Olsen

Nøjgaard

Olesen

et al. 2020

Atmospheric Pollution Research

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Near-term climate impacts of Finnish residential wood combustion

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Fine Particle Emissions from Sauna Stoves: Effects of Combustion Appliance and Fuel, and Implications for the Finnish Emission Inventory

Fine Particle Emissions from Sauna Stoves: Effects of Combustion Appliance and Fuel, and Implications for the Finnish Emission Inventory

Residential Wood Combustion in Finland: PM2.5 Emissions and Health Impacts with and without Abatement Measures

Emissions and source allocation of carbonaceous air pollutants from wood stoves in developed countries: A review

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