Near–surface sensors for condition monitoring of cover-zone concrete

McCarter, William John; Chrisp, T. M.; Butler, Andrew M.; Basheer, Pam

doi:10.1016/s0950-0618(00)00060-x

Cited by 44 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In particular, structural health monitoring, a nondestructive inspection based on the application of sensors, has been accepted as a useful tool for realtime monitoring of concrete durability in the past two decades. 10,11 Currently, two important sensor systems are applied for monitoring the carbonation and chloride ingress of concrete, namely, electrical resistance sensors (ERS) 12,13 and fiber optic chemical sensors (FOS). 14,15 The principle of ERS relies on the measurement of the change in the electrical resistance of concrete, which could be attributed to many reasons such as moisture variation, ingress of different substances (Cl − or CO 2 ), and ongoing hydration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the cementitious materials subjected to sulfate attack with optical fiber excitation Raman spectroscopy

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Formation of ettringite and gypsum from sulfate attack together with carbonation and chloride ingress have been considered as the most serious deterioration mechanisms of concrete structures. Although electrical resistance sensors and fiber optic chemical sensors could be used to monitor the latter two mechanisms on site, currently there is no system for monitoring the deterioration mechanisms of sulfate attack. In this paper, a preliminary study was carried out to investigate the feasibility of monitoring sulfate attack with optical fiber excitation Raman spectroscopy through characterizing the ettringite and gypsum formed in deteriorated cementitious materials under an optical fiber excitation + objective collection configuration. Bench-mounted Raman spectroscopy analysis was also conducted to validate the spectrum obtained from the fiber-objective configuration. The results showed that the expected Raman bands of ettringite and gypsum in the sulfate-attacked cement paste can be clearly identified by the optical fiber excitation Raman spectrometer and are in good agreement with those identified from bench-mounted Raman spectrometer. Therefore, based on these preliminary results, it is considered that there is a good potential for developing an optical fiber-based Raman system to monitor the deterioration mechanisms of concrete subjected to sulfate attack in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the cementitious materials subjected to sulfate attack with optical fiber excitation Raman spectroscopy

et al. 2013

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“…Permeability or porosity of concrete structures is responsible for the diffusion of harmful agents in the concrete. [68] presented the arrangements of Covercrete sensors for in situ monitoring of cover zone properties. Lampacher and Blight (1998) [69] investigated oxygen permeability and water sorption for the inservice structures of 20-30 years age.…”

Section: Brief Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Nondestructive Testing Methods for Condition Monitoring of Concrete Structures

Verma

Bhadauria²,

Akhtar

2013

Journal of Construction Engineering

129

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The deterioration of concrete structures in the last few decades calls for effective methods for condition evaluation and maintenance. This resulted in development of several nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques for monitoring civil infrastructures. NDT methods have been used for more than three decades for monitoring concrete structures; now it has been recognized that NDT plays an important role in the condition monitoring of existing RC structures. NDT methods are known to be better to assess and evaluate the condition of RC structures practically. This paper reviewed several available NDT methods developed and used in the last few decades.

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“…Non-destructive monitoring technology has been constantly mentioned as an important method to evaluate service condition in concrete structures [2]. Especially, in recent years, several in-suit sensors and novel methods have been developed to monitor cover-zone concrete electrical resistivity [3][4][5][6]. The effect of degree of connectivity between test equipment electrodes of resistivity and the concrete surface by varying the interface contact pressures was examined by M. D. Newlands et al [7].…”

Section: A Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-suit monitoring electrical resistiviy in cover-zone concrete by Tower Type Sensor

Lü

Yao

2009

2009 International Conference on Test and Measurement

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Tower Type Sensor (TTS) system was developed to monitor depth-related electrical resistivity in chloride-contaminated concrete. The AC impedance method was adopted to measure the electrical resistivity of concrete. This paper also details arrangements of TTS and its calibration approach. Then the sensor geometric constant k was determined by 0.01 mol/L KCI solution. In view of the RC circuit characteristics of concrete, a frequency range from 50,000 Hz to 100 Hz is preferable to traditional constant frequency, and the latter is found to be less accurate in concrete due to influence of interface capacitance. All the studies demonstrate that TTS could serve as a part of early warning system in cover-zone concrete.

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Near–surface sensors for condition monitoring of cover-zone concrete

Cited by 44 publications

References 7 publications

Monitoring the cementitious materials subjected to sulfate attack with optical fiber excitation Raman spectroscopy

Monitoring the cementitious materials subjected to sulfate attack with optical fiber excitation Raman spectroscopy

Review of Nondestructive Testing Methods for Condition Monitoring of Concrete Structures

In-suit monitoring electrical resistiviy in cover-zone concrete by Tower Type Sensor

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