Near-Surface Expression of Early to Late Holocene Displacement along the Northeastern Himalayan Frontal Thrust at Marbang Korong Creek, Arunachal Pradesh, India

Jayangondaperumal, R.; Wesnousky, Steven G.; Choudhuri, Biswajit

doi:10.1785/0120110051

Cited by 47 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Kumar et al ., , Figure 12]. These investigators have also excavated trenches on the Arunachal Pradesh segment to the east of Bhutan: at 91°E, with possible slip circa 1100 of 2.5 m, and at 95°E with large, but undefined slip and a post 66 A.D. date [ Jayangondaperumal et al ., ]. A search for liquefaction features predating the 1950 M w = 8.5 earthquake in the same region suggests an event that may have occurred after 1370 A.D., tentatively ascribed to historical earthquakes in 1548 and 1697 by Reddy et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Clockwise rotation of the Brahmaputra Valley relative to India: Tectonic convergence in the eastern Himalaya, Naga Hills, and Shillong Plateau

et al. 2014

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GPS data reveal that the Brahmaputra Valley has broken from the Indian Plate and rotates clockwise relative to India about a point a few hundred kilometers west of the Shillong Plateau. The GPS velocity vectors define two distinct blocks separated by the Kopili fault upon which 2-3 mm/yr of dextral slip is observed: the Shillong block between longitudes 89 and 93°E rotating clockwise at 1.15°/Myr and the Assam block from 93.5°E to 97°E rotating at ≈1.13°/Myr. These two blocks are more than 120 km wide in a north-south sense, but they extend locally a similar distance beneath the Himalaya and Tibet. A result of these rotations is that convergence across the Himalaya east of Sikkim decreases in velocity eastward from 18 to ≈12 mm/yr and convergence between the Shillong Plateau and Bangladesh across the Dauki fault increases from 3 mm/yr in the west to >8 mm/yr in the east. This fast convergence rate is inconsistent with inferred geological uplift rates on the plateau (if a 45°N dip is assumed for the Dauki fault) unless clockwise rotation of the Shillong block has increased substantially in the past 4-8 Myr. Such acceleration is consistent with the reported recent slowing in the convergence rate across the Bhutan Himalaya. The current slip potential near Bhutan, based on present-day convergence rates and assuming no great earthquake since 1713 A.D., is now~5.4 m, similar to the slip reported from alluvial terraces that offsets across the Main Himalayan Thrust and sufficient to sustain a M w ≥ 8.0 earthquake in this area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The violet areas indicate the inferred rupture zones of recent major earthquakes. The circled numbers are the paleoseismic slip shown in meter [ Kumar et al ., , ; Nakata , , ; Jayangondaperumal et al ., ]. The area in grey lies above 3.5 km.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clockwise rotation of the Brahmaputra Valley relative to India: Tectonic convergence in the eastern Himalaya, Naga Hills, and Shillong Plateau

et al. 2014

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“…Evidences for great surface rupturing earthquake were observed at Pasighat along the HFT in Arunachal (Jayangondaperumal et al, 2011), where a scarp was primarily formed in a single large earthquake post-1011 cal yr BP (Before Present), followed by an earthquake event post-2009 cal yr BP. Withstanding the uncertainty in timing of earthquakes, they documented occurrence of large scarp-forming earthquakes.…”

Section: Paleoseismology and Convergence Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonics and Evolution of the Himalaya

Jain

Dasgupta²,

Bhargava³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy

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During the period 2011-2015, scientific investigations in the Himalaya incorporated various geological and geophysical aspects of evolution of this mountain, including sub-surface configuration, structure and metamorphism of the Lesser Himalaya and Himalayan Metamorphic Belt, geochemistry, magmatism, stratigraphy and paleontology of the Paleo-Mesozoic Tethyan sedimentary cover, the Himalayan foreland basins, exhumation, paleoseismology and GPS measurements of convergence rates. Certain remote areas of western Arunachal Pradesh in Kameng were covered for their metamorphism and exhumation. Sm-Nd isochron plot of garnet crystals from the Lesser Himalayan Jutogh Group metamorphics provided a mean regression age of 479.7±8.5 Ma as the timing of its crystallization during an Early Ordovician tectonometamorphic event. High-resolution work on metamorphism of the Lesser and Higher Himalayan belts of Sikkim incorporating P-T-t paths and geochronology of the imbricate zones of the Main Central Thrust provided better insight into their evolution.

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“…The 4 April 1905 Kangra earthquake, which was earlier considered to be a great earthquake (Middlemiss 1910), was actually M w 7.8 ( Syntaxis of Arunachal Pradesh (Devachandra et al 2014) and is the largest known earthquake of the Himalayan region. It was of M w 8.6 and had a rupture area of about 250 × 100 km 2 (Molnar 1990); there is now evidence that the rupture area reached the surface (Jayangondaperumal et al 2011). Although the magnitude of the 8 October 2005 Kashmir earthquake was only M w 7.6, it was probably the most damaging earthquake that ever occurred in the Himalaya in the past two centuries.…”

Section: Great and Major Earthquakes In The Himalayan Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can an earthquake of M _w ∼9 occur in the Himalayan region?

Gupta¹,

Gahalaut²

2015

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It has been suggested that all of the Earth's subduction zones are capable of producing an M w 9 earthquake. Such a possibility has also been suggested for the Himalayan collisional arc. We examined recent and historical earthquakes in the Himalayan region and suggest that, in the past few hundred years, only great earthquakes (M w 8) have occurred in the region, the largest being the 1950 Assam earthquake with M w 8.6. Several aseismic ridges segment the Himalayan arc and these appear to have limited the extent of rupture in earthquakes of the past 200 years. There is also evidence of distributed deformation and out-of-sequence thrusting, where only part of the detachment participates in the accommodation of the convergence. We concluded that, although it is unlikely that an M w 9 earthquake could occur in the Himalaya, from the hazard point of view a great earthquake of M w 8 anywhere along the Himalayan arc could kill about one million people in the Himalaya and adjoining Indo-Ganga plains. As an example, a scenario developed for a hypothetical M w 8 earthquake occurring in the middle of the night at Mandi, close to the epicentre of the 1905 Kangra earthquake, predicts an estimated loss of one million human lives.

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Near-Surface Expression of Early to Late Holocene Displacement along the Northeastern Himalayan Frontal Thrust at Marbang Korong Creek, Arunachal Pradesh, India

Cited by 47 publications

References 10 publications

Clockwise rotation of the Brahmaputra Valley relative to India: Tectonic convergence in the eastern Himalaya, Naga Hills, and Shillong Plateau

Clockwise rotation of the Brahmaputra Valley relative to India: Tectonic convergence in the eastern Himalaya, Naga Hills, and Shillong Plateau

Tectonics and Evolution of the Himalaya

Can an earthquake of M _w ∼9 occur in the Himalayan region?

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Near-Surface Expression of Early to Late Holocene Displacement along the Northeastern Himalayan Frontal Thrust at Marbang Korong Creek, Arunachal Pradesh, India

Cited by 47 publications

References 10 publications

Clockwise rotation of the Brahmaputra Valley relative to India: Tectonic convergence in the eastern Himalaya, Naga Hills, and Shillong Plateau

Clockwise rotation of the Brahmaputra Valley relative to India: Tectonic convergence in the eastern Himalaya, Naga Hills, and Shillong Plateau

Tectonics and Evolution of the Himalaya

Can an earthquake of M w ∼9 occur in the Himalayan region?

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Can an earthquake of M _w ∼9 occur in the Himalayan region?