Near-patient testing will improve the control of sexually transmitted infections: the arguments in favour

Ward, Paul

doi:10.1136/sti.2005.017962

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Syphilis point-of-care tests (POCT) are widely available for use in developing countries, where they expand the range of settings in which sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing can be undertaken, thus facilitating earlier diagnosis and access to rapid treatment and support (53,54).…”

Section: Poctmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the global resurgence of syphilis in many developed nations, including among members of harder-to-reach populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and sex trade workers (55)(56)(57), POCT also offer the unique ability to offer immediate testing and treatment in a single encounter to mitigate further transmission of syphilis, making this an attractive alternative to standard testing (53,58).…”

Section: Poctmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Trends in the Serologic Diagnosis of Syphilis

Morshed

Singh

2014

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

163

156

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bComplexities in the diagnosis of syphilis continue to challenge clinicians. While direct tests (e.g., microscopy or PCR) are helpful in early syphilis, the mainstay of diagnosis remains serologic tests. The traditional algorithm using a nontreponemal test (NTT) followed by a treponemal test (TT) remains the standard in many parts of the world. More recently, the ability to automate the TT has led to the increasingly widespread use of reverse algorithms using treponemal enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). Rapid, point-of-care TTs are in widespread use in developing countries because of low cost, ease of use, and reasonable performance. However, none of the current diagnostic algorithms are able to distinguish current from previously treated infections. In addition, the reversal of traditional syphilis algorithms has led to uncertainty in the clinical management of patients. The interpretation of syphilis tests is further complicated by the lack of a reliable gold standard for syphilis diagnostics, and the newer tests can result in false-positive reactions similar to those seen with older tests. Little progress has been made in the area of serologic diagnostics for congenital syphilis, which requires assessment of maternal treatment and serologic response as well as clinical and laboratory investigation of the neonate for appropriate management. The diagnosis of neurosyphilis continues to require the collection of cerebrospinal fluid for a combination of NTT and TT, and, while newer treponemal EIAs look promising, more studies are needed to confirm their utility. This article reviews current tests and discusses current controversies in syphilis diagnosis, with a focus on serologic tests.

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Section: Poctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Poctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Trends in the Serologic Diagnosis of Syphilis

Morshed

Singh

2014

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

163

156

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“…These tests are largely based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) principle and a positive diagnosis can be signified by a colour change, making them easy to read by non-specialist staff. Table 1 provides a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of STI POCTs 10–12…”

Section: Point Of Care Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of this there may be public health benefits of using ‘suboptimal’ POCTs to enable rapid diagnosis and treatment of chlamydia in patients who have a large number of sexual partners, where there is a notable risk of onward transmission 11. Vickerman et al , for example, calculated that a gonorrhoea POCT kit would only need 47% sensitivity to show a health benefit among sex workers 14…”

Section: Point Of Care Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing forChlamydia trachomatis: is more choice a good thing?: Table 1

Smith

Cook²,

Packer³

et al. 2011

J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care

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“…The World Health Organisation (WHO) suggest an ideal POCT should be affordable, sensitive, specific, rapid, robust, equipment‐free and delivered to those who need it 9 . POCTs have the potential to allow earlier diagnosis leading to earlier introduction of specific treatment, establishment of effective infection control measures and greater patient convenience, involvement and satisfaction 10 , 11 , 12 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging point of care tests for influenza: innovation or status quo

Tayo

Ellis²,

Linden-Phillips

et al. 2011

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Please cite this paper as: Tayo A et al. (2012) Emerging point of care tests for influenza: innovation or status quo. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(4), 291–298. Background Point of care tests (POCTs) for influenza potentially offer earlier diagnosis, enabling specific treatment, infection control measures and greater patient convenience and satisfaction. Current POCTs have limited sensitivity, some cannot distinguish influenza types, none differentiate subtypes and are relatively expensive. Aims To identify and characterise influenza POCTs expected to be available for clinical use in the UK by mid‐2013, highlighting those with potential benefits over existing tests. Methods Potential developers of influenza POCTs were identified through known manufacturers’ websites, Medical Technology trade associations, the EuroScan International Network, an expert advisory group and by searching relevant online sources. Identified companies were asked to provide standard information on relevant technologies. Results Fifty‐six companies were identified, and 29 (52%) responded, identifying 57 potentially relevant technologies. Of these, 40 (70%) were already available or had undetermined status and 5 (9%) were excluded as time to results took over 60 minutes. Of the remaining 12 emerging POCTs, 10 (83%) reportedly enabled differentiation of influenza types and eight differentiation of A subtypes. Nasopharyngeal swabs were the most commonly acceptable sample type; the sample volume ranging from 80 μl to 1·4 ml. Discussion Most identified emerging influenza POCTs offered differentiation of influenza type and subtype. Tests claiming this capability include several incorporating reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays; though, these also had the longest time to result. However, whilst some identified POCTs exhibit high sensitivity and specificity, most lack published clinical data for assessment, and the overall costs of these technologies remains largely unknown.

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Near-patient testing will improve the control of sexually transmitted infections: the arguments in favour

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Recent Trends in the Serologic Diagnosis of Syphilis

Recent Trends in the Serologic Diagnosis of Syphilis

Testing forChlamydia trachomatis: is more choice a good thing?: Table 1

Emerging point of care tests for influenza: innovation or status quo

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