Near-Optimal Watermark Estimation and Its Countermeasure: Antidisclosure Watermark for Multiple Watermark Embedding

Abstract

Abstract-Robustness is a critical requirement for a watermarking scheme to be practical. Current watermarking methods usually claim a certain degree of robustness against those attacks that aim to destroy a hidden watermark at the expense of degrading the quality of the media data. However, there exist watermarkestimation attack (WEA), such as the collusion attack, which can remove watermarks while making the attacked data further transparent to its original. Another kind of attack is the copy attack, which can cause protocol ambiguity within a watermarking system. The aim of this paper is to deal with the WEA, which is clever at disclosing hidden information for unauthorized purposes. To this end, we begin by gaining insight into the WEA, leading to formal definitions of optimal watermark estimation and near-perfect cover data recovery. Subject to these definitions, a new content-dependent watermark (CDW) is proposed to deal with watermark-estimation attack. Mathematical analyses and experimental results consistently verify the effectiveness of the proposed watermark estimation and recovery algorithm, and the proposed content-dependent watermark. To our knowledge, this anti-disclosure watermark is the first work that can give those multiple-redundant watermark embedding approaches resistance to both collusion and copy attacks.Index Terms-Collusion attack, content-dependent watermark, copy attack, cover data recovery, media hash, robustness, watermark estimation.

A bi-directional associative memory based multiple image watermarking on cover video

“…By considering the above goals, some form of multiple watermarking techniques [21,22,29,30,39,42,49,50] and neural networks based watermarking techniques [7, 8, 13, 14, 20, 31, 34, 45-48, 51, 52] have been proposed in the past. A short tour on the existing multiple watermarking techniques is given below:…”

“…The authors failed to discuss about other issues such as robustness, visual quality. Multiple watermarking introduced in [29] by Lu and Hsu, was able to withstand the attacks, such as, collusion attack and copy attack, by embedding multiple redundant watermarking on cover media. In [39], the authors Takahasti et al have utilized three different types of information as watermarks, that is, copyright management information, copy control information and fingerprints.…”

“…& the reliability of the multiple watermarking system is to be improved when compared to the single watermarking system [21,22,29,30,39,42,49,50] & the robustness of the watermark can be increased by embedding in the transform domain [21,22,29,30,39,42,49,50] & The performance of the watermarking technique in most of the existing algorithms is estimated using either with robustness and imperceptibility levels or the watermark capacity i.e., payload. They failed to focus on dealing with all the parameters together [7, 8, 14, 20-22, 29-31, 34, 39, 42, 45-52] & In most ANN based watermarking systems, Hopfield network, FCNN, BPNN and RBF are the types of neural networks used for embedding and extracting the watermark.…”

A multiresolution video watermarking scheme integrated with feature detection

“…The quantization visual model requires embedding the watermarks in the weighting mean of wavelet blocks, and watermark detection is done via statistical detection. In addition, a content-dependent watermarking is proposed by Lu and Hsu (2007) to tackle the watermark estimation attack (WEA). This article adds insight into WEA, defining optimal-watermark estimation, and showing experiments to prove that the scheme is near perfect for watermark estimation.…”

Multiple-description iterative coding image watermarking

“…Additionally, repeating the same watermark opens the door for collusion attacks [9]. That is, an attacker may be able to use the repetition to find the embedded watermark and remove it.…”