Near-mine exploration via soil geochemistry multivariate analysis at the Almas gold province, Central Brazil: A study case

Martins-Ferreira, Marco Antônio Caçador; Campos, José Elói Guimarães

doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.11.011

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In this case, it appears quite difficult to discriminate between anthropogenic pollution and geochemical anomaly, especially for Hg, a volatile element generally of atmospheric origin, as seen in the dendrogram (Figure 3b). Similar results were described by Martins-Ferreira et al (2017) [41] for a gold province in Central Brazil. Their factor analysis results provided five correlation factors explaining 71.2% of the total variance of soil composition, very similar to our work.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Geochemical Assessment of Mineral Resource Potential in a Hg-Sb-Pb-Zn Mining Area: The Almadén and Guadalmez Synclines (South-Central Spain)

et al. 2022

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The geochemical data from surface soils are often neglected or questioned when prospecting for ore deposits within active mining districts due to the “background noise” produced by anthropogenic pollution derived from mining activity. Large datasets on a national and international scale offer interesting possibilities to discover prospective zones. In the present work, data from the Geochemical Atlas of Castilla–La Mancha were treated in an area with an intense history of mining Hg, Pb, Zn, and Sb: the Almadén and Guadalmez synclines and the Alcudia Valley. The sampling grid was densified to adapt it to the scale of the main geological formations, and a cluster analysis was carried out to establish the relationships between the variables and a factor analysis to distinguish between geogenic and metallogenic factors. The results showed very high concentrations of some elements of prospective interest in local background areas: Hg (51 mg kg−1), Pb (1190 mg kg−1), and Sb (45 mg kg−1), with high variation coefficients. Cluster analysis unveiled a relationship between most of the local ore-forming metals (As, Sb, Hg, Pb, and Ag) with a clear correlation between Hg and organic matter, suggesting a notable contribution of Hg in soil. The factor analysis highlighted five factors, three geogenic and two ore-forming elements. Despite Hg being the main candidate to form a separate factor, its aerial deposition and a large number of outliers in the Almadén syncline contributed to integrating the element into a geogenic factor. Instead, factors F4 (Pb and Zn) and F5 (As and Sb) delimited the prospective areas in both synclines far from the known and the exploited mines. Some of these areas coincided with discovered mineralized zones, specifically in the area SE of a derelict Sb mine, confirming the usefulness of these datasets and statistical tools in areas with recent mining activity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Geochemical Assessment of Mineral Resource Potential in a Hg-Sb-Pb-Zn Mining Area: The Almadén and Guadalmez Synclines (South-Central Spain)

et al. 2022

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“…In an acid environment, metal element, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, have high mobility, while some metalloid element, As, Se, tend to migrate in an alkaline environment. Damaging effects of AMD are reported in Asia [34,[90][91][92][93], North America [72,[94][95][96], Europe [83,97], South America [47,98,99]. When AMD enters surface water bodies, the effects include biotic impacts on stream and lake organisms through direct toxicity, habitat alteration by metal precipitates, visual changes from orange or yellow staining of stream sediments, nutrient cycle disruptions, or other mechanisms, and the water often becomes unsuitable for domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses.…”

Section: Contamination By Coal Mine Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Mining for Source Apportionment of Trace Elements in Water and Solid Matrix

Shan¹,

Shi²

2021

Trace Metals in the Environment - New Approaches and Recent Advances

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Trace elements migrate among different environment bodies with the natural geochemical reactions, and impacted by human industrial, agricultural, and civil activities. High load of trace elements in water, river and lake sediment, soil and air particle lead to potential to health of human being and ecological system. To control the impact on environment, source apportionment is a meaningful, and also a challenging task. Traditional methods to make source apportionment are usually based on geochemical techniques, or univariate analysis techniques. In recently years, the methods of multivariate analysis, and the related concepts data mining, machine learning, big data, are developing fast, which provide a novel route that combing the geochemical and data mining techniques together. These methods have been proved successful to deal with the source apportionment issue. In this chapter, the data mining methods used on this topic and implementations in recent years are reviewed. The basic method includes principal component analysis, factor analysis, clustering analysis, positive matrix fractionation, decision tree, Bayesian network, artificial neural network, etc. Source apportionment of trace elements in surface water, ground water, river and lake sediment, soil, air particles, dust are discussed.

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“…Sadeghi et al (2014) successfully employed the use of statistics in processing soil geochemical data and interpretation for bedrock mapping and gold exploration in the Giyani greenstone belt. Martins-Ferreira et al (2017) also used geochemistry and multivariate statistics to explore gold in the Almas gold province of central Brazil. The problem though is that the heterogeneous 1 distribution of gold in panned samples can be erratic for different reasons (Plant and Hale.,1994;Ali et al, 2006) thereby reducing the region's prospectivity (Bellehumeur et al, 1993;Bellehumeur et al, 1994), this is more so as centuries of mineral exploration have depleted surface anomalies in mineralized regions (Martin-Ferreira et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-element association and regional geochemistry of regolith in tashan jatau area, northwestern nigeria: implications for gold exploration

Omang¹,

Asinya²,

Effiom³

et al. 2023

Glo Jnl Geo Sci

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Soil geochemical surveys are widely used in the early stages of gold exploration, especially in areas with poor outcrops and thick overburden. Fifty-one (51) soil samples were collected in duplicate with the aim of analyzing them geochemically and determining the gold grade through panning and weighing methods. The geochemical results were subjected to multivariate statistical treatment through Factor analysis and Pearson correlation matrix. Four factors were generated from the PCA. These are Factor 1: Cu-Sr-Nb-Ba-La-W-Pb-Zr, suggesting sulfide mineralization that is related to granitic rock while Factor 2 has Au with a low to negative correlation with Mo and Nb suggesting a second phase of intrusion-related activity which must have emplaced gold in this area. Factor 3 is made up of W-Pb suggesting a second sulfide mineralization distinct from the first. While Factor 4 gives a single element factor, Hg. Single-elementt maps were constructed to show the element dispersion in the catchment. In general gold concentrations in this study is erratic and attain a high of 0.67ppm and 0.90g/t. The study delineates the northwestern part of the catchment to be the most prolific in terms of gold potential and shows that the granitic batholiths are the most primary gold-hosting lithology.

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Near-mine exploration via soil geochemistry multivariate analysis at the Almas gold province, Central Brazil: A study case

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Geochemical Assessment of Mineral Resource Potential in a Hg-Sb-Pb-Zn Mining Area: The Almadén and Guadalmez Synclines (South-Central Spain)

Geochemical Assessment of Mineral Resource Potential in a Hg-Sb-Pb-Zn Mining Area: The Almadén and Guadalmez Synclines (South-Central Spain)

Data Mining for Source Apportionment of Trace Elements in Water and Solid Matrix

Multi-element association and regional geochemistry of regolith in tashan jatau area, northwestern nigeria: implications for gold exploration

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