Near-lethal self-harm in women prisoners: contributing factors and psychological processes

Marzano, Lisa; Fazel, Seena; Rivlin, Adrienne; Hawton, Keith

doi:10.1080/14789949.2011.617465

Cited by 31 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Of the 32 females who completed suicide, 46% did not report previous trauma, 19% had no history of previous self-harm, nor suicide attempts and 50% did not have a known significant life event within 6 months prior to their suicide. This is in keeping with previous research (Marzano, et al, 2011b), which highlights that whilst risk is raised within some groups, these risks alone are not sufficient to identify risk.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Rethinking pathways to completed suicide by female prisoners

Oakes-Rogers

Slade

2015

The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice

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Brief professional biography of each author.Sophie Oakes-Rogers graduated from Nottingham Trent University in 2013 with a BSc (Hons) Psychology degree and completed MSc Forensic Psychology in 2014. Her current area of research is the relationship between adverse life events, self-harm and suicidal behaviour in prisoners.Dr. Karen Slade is a chartered and registered forensic psychologist and senior lecturer in psychology at Nottingham Trent University (UK). She has 16 years' experience as a practicing forensic psychologist including within HM Prison Service and applied forensic research. She has published refereed research papers regarding imprisonment, suicide and mental health. Originality/value: Using cases of completed suicide in female prisoners to investigate the pathway to suicide from trauma through previous self-harm and attempted suicide.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Rethinking pathways to completed suicide by female prisoners

Oakes-Rogers

Slade

2015

The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice

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“…These factors were reported for very few of the included countries. In addition, many important risk factors are present in prisoners before incarceration, including mental health, substance misuse, and personality problems, together with childhood and more recent traumatic and other adverse experiences 26–28…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide in prisons: an international study of prevalence and contributory factors

Fazel

Ramesh

Hawton

2017

The Lancet Psychiatry

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212

166

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SummaryBackgroundPrison suicide rates, rate ratios, and associations with prison-related factors need clarification and updating. We examined prison suicide rates in countries where reliable information was available, associations with a range of prison-service and health-service related factors, how these rates compared with the general population, and changes over the past decade.MethodsWe collected data for prison suicides in 24 high-income countries in Europe, Australasia, and North America from their prison administrations for 2011–14 to calculate suicide rates and rate ratios compared with the general population. We used meta-regression to test associations with general population suicide rates, incarceration rates, and prison-related factors (overcrowding, ratio of prisoners to prison officers or health-care staff or education staff, daily spend, turnover, and imprisonment duration). We also examined temporal trends.Findings3906 prison suicides occurred during 2011–14 in the 24 high-income countries we studied. Where there was breakdown by sex (n=2810), 2607 (93%) were in men and 203 (7%) were in women. Nordic countries had the highest prison suicide rates of more than 100 suicides per 100 000 prisoners apart from Denmark (where it was 91 per 100 000), followed by western Europe where prison suicide rates in France and Belgium were more than 100 per 100 000 prisoners. Australasian and North American countries had rates ranging from 23 to 67 suicides per 100 000 prisoners. Rate ratios, or rates compared with those in the general population of the same sex and similar age, were typically higher than 3 in men and 9 in women. Higher incarceration rates were associated with lower prison suicide rates (b = –0·504, p = 0·014), which was attenuated when adjusting for prison-level variables. There were no associations between rates of prison suicide and general population suicide, any other tested prison-related factors, or differing criteria for defining suicide deaths. Changes in prison suicide rates over the past decade vary widely between countries.InterpretationMany countries in northern and western Europe have prison suicide rates of more than 100 per 100 000 prisoners per year. Individual-level information about prisoner health is required to understand the substantial variations reported and changes over time.FundingWellcome Trust and the UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR).

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“…Findings from three of the studies reviewed (Borrill et al, 2005; Marzano, Fazel, et al, 2011; Rivlin et al, 2011) indicate that many prisoners felt that the level of care they received following their self-harm was inadequate, and that being able to speak to someone (including staff) might have helped to prevent their act. Increasing provision for training, support, and supervision for prison officers and other staff (including healthcare practitioners) involved in the care of prisoners at risk may lead to improved staff attitudes and better responses and aftercare following a suicide attempt (Marzano, Ciclitira, & Adler, 2012), and may also help improve their ability to identify those at risk of suicide (Bailey, McHugh, Chisnall, & Forbes, 2000; Hayes, Shaw, Lever-Green, Parker, & Gask, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Suicidal Behavior in Prisons

Marzano

Hawton

Rivlin

et al. 2016

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BackgroundWorldwide, prisoners are at high risk of suicide. Research on near-lethal suicide attempts can provide important insights into risk and protective factors, and inform suicide prevention initiatives in prison.AimsTo synthesize findings of research on near-lethal attempts in prisons, and consider their implications for suicide prevention policies and practice, in the context of other research in custody and other settings.MethodWe searched two bibliographic indexes for studies in any language on near-lethal and severe self-harm in prisoners, supplemented by targeted searches over the period 2000–2014. We extracted information on risk factors descriptively. Data were not meta-analyzed owing to heterogeneity of samples and methods.ResultsWe identified eight studies reporting associations between prisoner near-lethal attempts and specific factors. The latter included historical, prison-related, and clinical factors, including psychiatric morbidity and comorbidity, trauma, social isolation, and bullying. These factors were also identified as important in prisoners’ own accounts of what may have contributed to their attempts (presented in four studies).ConclusionFactors associated with prisoners’ severe suicide attempts include a range of potentially modifiable clinical, psychosocial, and environmental factors. We make recommendations to address these factors in order to improve detection, management, and prevention of suicide risk in prisoners.

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Near-lethal self-harm in women prisoners: contributing factors and psychological processes

Cited by 31 publications

References 31 publications

Rethinking pathways to completed suicide by female prisoners

Rethinking pathways to completed suicide by female prisoners

Suicide in prisons: an international study of prevalence and contributory factors

Prevention of Suicidal Behavior in Prisons

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