Near-Infrared Two-Photon Excitation of Protoporphyrin IX: Photodynamics and Photoproduct Generation¶

Goyan, Rebecca L.; Cramb, David T.

doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2000)072<0821:nitpeo>2.0.co;2

Cited by 56 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…To date, most studies using PpIX fluorescence for MPT-FLIM imaging are limited to cell cultures [98, 99] and solutions [100]. Riemann et al [101] used MPT on skin biopsies to study the biosynthesis of PpIX and also to evaluate the therapy.…”

Section: Approaches For Measuring Ppix Beneath the Surface Of The Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techniques for fluorescence detection of protoporphyrin IX in skin cancers associated with photodynamic therapy

Rollakanti

Kanick

Davis

et al. 2013

Photonics &Amp; Lasers in Medicine

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that uses a specific photosensitizing agent, molecular oxygen, and light of a particular wavelength to kill cells targeted by the therapy. Topically administered aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is widely used to effectively treat cancerous and precancerous skin lesions, resulting in targeted tissue damage and little to no scarring. The targeting aspect of the treatment arises from the fact that ALA is preferentially converted into protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in neoplastic cells. To monitor the amount of PpIX in tissues, techniques have been developed to measure PpIX-specific fluorescence, which provides information useful for monitoring the abundance and location of the photosensitizer before and during the illumination phase of PDT. This review summarizes the current state of these fluorescence detection techniques. Non-invasive devices are available for point measurements, or for wide-field optical imaging, to enable monitoring of PpIX in superficial tissues. To gain access to information at greater tissue depths, multi-modal techniques are being developed which combine fluorescent measurements with ultrasound or optical coherence tomography, or with microscopic techniques such as confocal or multiphoton approaches. The tools available at present, and newer devices under development, offer the promise of better enabling clinicians to inform and guide PDT treatment planning, thereby optimizing therapeutic outcomes for patients.

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Section: Approaches For Measuring Ppix Beneath the Surface Of The Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techniques for fluorescence detection of protoporphyrin IX in skin cancers associated with photodynamic therapy

Rollakanti

Kanick

Davis

et al. 2013

Photonics &Amp; Lasers in Medicine

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“…The phthalocyanines (Pcs) and tetrabenzoporphyrins (TBPs) have attracted considerable attention because of their applications in a wide variety of important chemical, physical, and biological processes, including electrophotographic systems (1), photonvoltaic cells for energy conversion (2), optical power limiting (3,4), photosensitizers (5), and photodynamic therapy (6)(7)(8)(9). Much theoretical and experimental effort has been exerted in attempts to elucidate the electronic, spectroscopic, and optical properties of these molecules (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical studies on the one- and two-photon absorption of tetrabenzoporphyrins and phthalocyanines

Zhou¹,

Ren²,

Feng³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Chem.

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The one-photon absorption (OPA) properties of tetrabenzoporphyrins (TBPs) and phthalocyanines (Pcs) were studied using the semiempirical ZINDO method and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), respectively. The compared results confirmed that the semiempirical ZINDO method was reasonably reliable when calculating the OPA of tetrabenzoporphyrins and phthalocyanines. On the basis of the OPA properties obtained from the ZINDO method, two-photon absorption (TPA) properties of two series of molecules were investigated, using ZINDO and sum-over-states (SOS) methods. The results showed that the TPA cross-sections of all molecules were in the range of 220.6 × 10 -50 -345.9 × 10 -50 cm 4 ·s·photon -1 , which were in the same order of magnitude as the values reported in the literature. The relatively larger δ(ω) value for Pcs with respect to that for corresponding TBPs originates from larger intramolecular charge transfer, which can be characterized by the difference of dipole moment between S 0 and S 1 and the transition dipole moment between S 1 and S 5 .Résumé : On a étudié les propriétés d'absorption monophotoniques (« OPA ») de tétrabenzoporphyrines (TBPs) et de phtalocyanines (Pcs) à l'aide de la méthode semi-empirique ZINDO et de la théorie fonctionnelle de la densité dépen-dante du temps (« TDDFT »). Une comparaison des résultats confirme que pour le calcul des « OPA » des tétrabenzo-porphyrines et des phtalocyanines, la méthode semi-empirique ZINDO donne des valeurs raisonnablement fiables. Sur la base des « OPA » obtenus par la méthode ZINDO, on a étudié les propriétés d'absorption biphotoniques (« TPA ») de deux séries de molécules ont été étudiées à l'aide des méthodes ZINDO et de la somme de tous les états (« SOS »). Les résultats montrent que les sections droites des « TPA » de toutes les molécules se situent dans la fourchette 220,6 × 10 -50 à 345,9 × 10 -50 cm 4 ·s·photon -1 , valeurs qui sont du même ordre de grandeur que celles rapportées dans la littérature. La valeur de δ(ω) relativement plus élevée pour les Pcs par rapport aux THBs résulte d'un plus grand transfert de charge qui peut être caractérisé par la différence entre les moments dipolaires S 0 et S 1 et le moment dipolaire de transition entre S 1 et S 5 .

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“…This indicates that alkyl substituents have practically no influence on the symmetry of the π-electron system of the porphyrin macrocycle. The same situation is observed for protoporphyrin-IX and hematoporphyrin-IX, for which the two-photon absorption cross section near the Soret band is less than several GM [68][69][70]. The large two-photon absorption cross sections (up to 1000 GM at 560-850 nm) for the oxidized and reduced forms of cytochrome c are deviations from the general trend [71].…”

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confidence: 64%

“…Another advantage of twophoton photoexcitation is the quadratic nature of the dependence of two-photon absorption on the photoexcitation power. This enables the photodynamic action to be localized in a very small volume [3,69], which is in principle impossible for one-photon excitation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigations of two-photon absorption of the photosensitizer Fotolon showed that photosensitized formation of singlet oxygen is possible upon two-photon excitation [75]. Results from a study of two-photon absorption of protoprophyrin-IX [69], Al-phthalocyanine [99], and Verteporfin (Visudyne) [70,100] preparations have also been published. The resulting two-photon ab- sorption cross sections were less than 100 GM and were insufficient for broad application of this method of photoexcitation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear optical properties of tetrapyrrole compounds and prospects for their application (a review)

Kruk

2008

J Appl Spectrosc

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The phenomenological description of second-(χ (2) ) and third-order (χ (3) ) nonlinear optical phenomena and studies on nonlinear optical properties of tetrapyrrole molecules are reviewed. Issues of the formation of twophoton absorption spectra of tetrapyrrole compounds and ways to synthesize new molecular systems possessing high nonlinear optical parameters are presented and discussed in detail. The experience of use of the nonlinear optical properties of tetrapyrrole compounds in industry, medicine, and biology and future trends in this area are presented and analyzed.Introduction. The rapid development and broad introduction of materials with nonlinear optical properties during the last decade have made photonic technologies an indispensable part of our daily life. Nonlinear optical materials are key elements in modern photonic technologies. They are used to fabricate components of computer and telecommunication systems, new high-density information-storage devices, optoelectronic sensors, image processing systems, and optical switches and connectors [1]. Much effort is being expended to develop photonic devices based on organic compounds with nonlinear optical properties. Previous investigations have shown that organic compounds with significant second-and third-order optical nonlinearity are promising materials for a wide range of photonic devices. Nonlinear optical materials based on organic compounds are potentially highly useful in various photonic devices because of the variety of molecular structures (from single molecules to organic polymers) and the ability for directed chemical modification of their functional properties. Nonlinear optical components can be integrated with electric, magnetic, and other optical components. Various nonlinear optical effects can be used to fabricate devices for different applications.The nonlinear optical properties of organic compounds can also be applied to biological investigations and in medicine. Multi-photon laser scanning microscopy is a new dynamically developing scientific field for the investigation of the structure and functional properties of biological subjects [2,3]. Multi-photon (as a rule, two-or three-photon is used) excitation provides the capability to use new spectral ranges, to isolate a region of photoexcitation of the studied tissues in the focal plane, to form an image with spatial resolution (3D-resolution), and to decrease substantially the background luminescence. These advantages of multi-photon excitation can be used to expand the capabilities of photodynamic therapy. It is expected that the use of this method will enable the depth of the photodynamic effect in tissues of patients to be increased and its range to be localized in a volume <1 µm 3 .Tetrapyrrole compounds exhibit nonlinear optical properties that are due to second (χ (2) ) and third (χ (3) ) order nonlinear susceptibilities. The cubic nonlinearity is the lowest order nonlinearity for most of them owing to the molecular symmetry. The variety of possible molecular structures of ...

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Near-Infrared Two-Photon Excitation of Protoporphyrin IX: Photodynamics and Photoproduct Generation¶

Cited by 56 publications

References 27 publications

Techniques for fluorescence detection of protoporphyrin IX in skin cancers associated with photodynamic therapy

Techniques for fluorescence detection of protoporphyrin IX in skin cancers associated with photodynamic therapy

Theoretical studies on the one- and two-photon absorption of tetrabenzoporphyrins and phthalocyanines

Nonlinear optical properties of tetrapyrrole compounds and prospects for their application (a review)

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