Near-infrared spectroscopy-derived muscle oxygen saturation on a 0% to 100% scale: reliability and validity of the Moxy Monitor

Feldmann, Andri; Schmitz, Roger W.; Erlacher, Daniel

doi:10.1117/1.jbo.24.11.115001

Cited by 62 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The results of this study show a consistency in SmO 2 min at high intensity efforts. The NIRS device used in this experiment presumes to isolate the muscle tissue through an a priori Monte Carlo modelling for different tissue properties and photon path-length variations using the four wavelengths identified 21 . In this way, variations such as cutaneous and subcutaneous blood flow, as well as dilution from low metabolically active signals can be minimized and the resulting parameter is called SmO 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BW trial was used as the reference trial for comparison against the remaining three trials. Adipose tissue thickness at the sensor location was deemed unproblematic considering the source-detector distance of 25 mm (penetration depth of 12.5 mm) 21,22 . All participants were asked to refrain from strenuous physical activity 24 hours prior to the experiment, to refrain from alcohol consumption, caffeine consumption and smoking 24 hours prior to the experiment and to maintain individual diet routine.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Myoglobin and hemoglobin cannot be differentiated using NIRS, and therefore as shown in the equation above, are always evaluated together 29 . SmO 2 is a ratio of relative O 2 Hb + O 2 Mb and relative HHb + HMb on an absolute scale of 0-100% 21 . The device detectors are spaced at 12.5 mm and 25 mm from the emitter.…”

Section: Finger-hang Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muscle oxygen dynamics in elite climbers during finger-hang tests at varying intensities

Feldmann

Erlacher

Pfister

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The aim of this study was to measure muscle oxygen saturation (SmO 2) dynamics during a climbing specific task until failure in varying conditions. Our prediction was that SmO 2 should be a good marker to predict task failure. Eleven elite level climbers performed a finger-hang test on a 23 mm wooden rung under four different weighted conditions, 1. body weight (BW), 2. body weight +20% (BW +20), 3. body weight −20% (BW −20) and 4. body weight −40% (BW −40), maintaining half crimp grip until voluntary exhaustion. During each trial SmO 2 and time to task failure (TTF) were measured. TTF was then compared to the minimally attainable value of SmO 2 (SmO 2 min) and time to Smo 2 min (TTmin). There is a considerable degree of agreement between attainable SmO 2 min at high intensity conditions (M BW = 21.6% ± 6.4; M BW+20 = 24.0% ± 7.0; M BW−20 = 23.0% ± 7.3). Bland-Altman plot with an a priori set equivalency interval of ±5% indicate that these conditions are statistically not different (M BW-BW + 20 = −2.4%, 95% CI [1.4, −6.2]; M BW−Bw−20 = −1.3, 95% CI [2.5, −5.1]). The fourth and lowest intensity condition (M BW −40 = 32.4% ± 8.8) was statistically different and not equivalent (M BW-BW −40 = −8.8%, 95% CI [−5.0, −12.6]). The same agreement was found between TTF and TTmin for the high intensity conditions plotted via Bland-Altman. While the rate with which oxygen was extracted and utilised changed with the conditions, the attainable SmO 2 min remained constant at high intensity conditions and was related to TTF.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muscle oxygen dynamics in elite climbers during finger-hang tests at varying intensities

Feldmann

Erlacher

Pfister

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…Since CytOx oxygenated and deoxygenated states differ in their infrared spectrum, NIRS could also be used for the assessment of CytOx oxygenation, but the near-infrared absorption spectra of the two CytOx states overlap those of the hemoglobins, and the concentration of the latter is significantly greater [ 93 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 ]. Myoglobin is also involved in infrared light absorption in muscle: its oxygenated and deoxygenated spectra are identical to those of hemoglobin [ 14 , 96 , 102 ], so that muscle oximetry actually measures the oxygenation state of both hemoglobin and myoglobin molecules [ 14 , 103 ]. The evaluation of CytOx concentration and muscle oxygenation are not discussed in the current review.…”

Section: Near Infrared Spectroscopy (Nirs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Various Oximetric Techniques Used for the Evaluation of Blood Oxygenation

Nitzan

Arieli

2020

Sensors

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Adequate oxygen delivery to a tissue depends on sufficient oxygen content in arterial blood and blood flow to the tissue. Oximetry is a technique for the assessment of blood oxygenation by measurements of light transmission through the blood, which is based on the different absorption spectra of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. Oxygen saturation in arterial blood provides information on the adequacy of respiration and is routinely measured in clinical settings, utilizing pulse oximetry. Oxygen saturation, in venous blood (SvO2) and in the entire blood in a tissue (StO2), is related to the blood supply to the tissue, and several oximetric techniques have been developed for their assessment. SvO2 can be measured non-invasively in the fingers, making use of modified pulse oximetry, and in the retina, using the modified Beer–Lambert Law. StO2 is measured in peripheral muscle and cerebral tissue by means of various modes of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), utilizing the relative transparency of infrared light in muscle and cerebral tissue. The primary problem of oximetry is the discrimination between absorption by hemoglobin and scattering by tissue elements in the attenuation measurement, and the various techniques developed for isolating the absorption effect are presented in the current review, with their limitations.

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“…The near-infrared wavelength range is particularly useful because hemoglobin and myoglobin change color in that range depending on whether they are carrying oxygen. The sensor measures by using near-infrared light through the skin and detecting part of the light after it has travelled into the muscle fibre and returned to the surface and back into the sensor[11,12]. The Moxy is not a pulse oximeter even though it uses the same technology.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Limb Compression Socks with Biomechanical Concepts

Daniele¹,

Testa²,

Licciardi³

et al. 2020

BJSTR

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Graduated compression stockings are now widely used in many sports both for recovery and during the competition with the aim of improving the efficiency of athletes in these two aspects of their sporting life. It does not seem very clear whether the compression of the lower limbs can improve performance, but it does appear evident that it is very useful in the recovery phase. There is also a tendency for compression stocking manufacturers to only offer stockings that begin compression at the ankle continuing upwards, with the primary goal of compressing the calf versus beginning compression at the midfoot upwards. Knowledge of the anatomy and venous biomechanics of the lower limb suggest the presence of an important amount of venous stasis at the level of the foot in correspondence with the midfoot. The benefits of compressing, or "squeezing" this area of the foot using the compression stockings are important in both walking and running, with running reaching a 12% increase in oxygen supply levels at the femoral area.

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Near-infrared spectroscopy-derived muscle oxygen saturation on a 0% to 100% scale: reliability and validity of the Moxy Monitor

Cited by 62 publications

References 46 publications

Muscle oxygen dynamics in elite climbers during finger-hang tests at varying intensities

Muscle oxygen dynamics in elite climbers during finger-hang tests at varying intensities

The Various Oximetric Techniques Used for the Evaluation of Blood Oxygenation

Lower Limb Compression Socks with Biomechanical Concepts

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