Near‐infrared spectroscopy can detect brain activity during a color–word matching Stroop task in an event‐related design

Schroeter, Matthias L.; Zysset, Stefan; Kupka, Thomas; Kruggel, Frithjof; Cramon, D. Yves von

doi:10.1002/hbm.10052

Cited by 225 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It has been pointed out that facilitation was not a necessary concomitant of interference and it played a much lesser role than interference [12]. It was asserted that the missing facilitation was due to trying to speed up an already rapid response [12], [14]. Additionally, as pointed out by an anonymous reviewer, the slower response to congruent trials may be related with the observation that the subjects try to judge whether the trial is congruent or incongruent, which puts an extra cognitive load with respect to neutral trials.…”

Section: A Behavioral Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multilevel Statistical Inference From Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Data During Stroop Interference

Çiftçi

Sankur

Kahya

et al. 2008

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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Abstract-Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging technique for monitoring the concentration changes of oxy-and deoxy-hemoglobin (oxy-Hb and deoxy-Hb) in the brain. An important consideration in fNIRS-based neuroimaging modality is to conduct group-level analysis from a set of time series measured from a group of subjects. We investigate the feasibility of multilevel statistical inference for fNIRS. As a case study, we search for hemodynamic activations in the prefrontal cortex during Stroop interference. Hierarchical general linear model (GLM) is used for making this multilevel analysis. Activation patterns both at the subject and group level are investigated on a comparative basis using various classical and Bayesian inference methods. All methods showed consistent left lateral prefrontal cortex activation for oxy-Hb during interference condition, while the effects were much less pronounced for deoxy-Hb. Our analysis showed that mixed effects or Bayesian models are more convenient for faithful analysis of fNIRS data. We arrived at two important conclusions. First, fNIRS has the capability to identify activations at the group level, and second, the mixed effects or Bayesian model is the appropriate mechanism to pass from subject to group-level inference.Index Terms-General linear model (GLM), near-infrared spectroscopy, statistical inference, Stroop task.

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Section: A Behavioral Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schroeter et al [14] had investigated the same type of Stroop task with fNIRS on healthy subjects. They found that the hemodynamic response was stronger for incongruent compared to neutral and congruent trials in the lateral prefrontal cortex, bilaterally both for oxy-Hb and deoxyHb (and total Hb, which is their sum).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilevel Statistical Inference From Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Data During Stroop Interference

Çiftçi

Sankur

Kahya

et al. 2008

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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“…In addition, there are studies using cognitive stimuli that report "variable results"; this does not further our understanding of the NIRS methodology, neither proving the insufficiency of the method nor demonstrating a "variable" underlying physiologic process. Interestingly, one of the most solid cognitive studies, with the largest number of subjects and a statistically sound approach in a single trial design, was done by successive sampling with a 2-channel monitor (Schroeter et al, 2002). This may stress the fact that, besides the quality of the monitor used, study design and a sound statistical approach to the data obtained are equally important.…”

Section: Review Of the Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the Visible—Imaging the Human Brain with Light

Obrig

Villringer

2003

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

548

215

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Summary:Optical approaches to investigate cerebral function and metabolism have long been applied in invasive studies. From the neuron cultured in vitro to the exposed cortex in the human during neurosurgical procedures, high spatial resolution can be reached and several processes such as membrane potential, cell swelling, metabolism of mitochondrial chromophores, and vascular response can be monitored, depending on the respective preparation. The authors focus on an extension of optical methods to the noninvasive application in the human. Starting with the pioneering work of Jöbsis 25 years ago, nearinfrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to investigate functional activation of the human cerebral cortex. Recently, several groups have started to use imaging systems that allow the generation of images of a larger area of the subject's head and, thereby, the production of maps of cortical oxygenation changes. Such images have a much lower spatial resolution compared with the invasively obtained optical images. The noninvasive NIRS images, however, can be obtained in undemanding set-ups that can be easily combined with other functional methods, in particular EEG. Moreover, NIRS is applicable to bedside use. The authors briefly review some of the abundant literature on intrinsic optical signals and the NIRS imaging studies of the past few years. The weaknesses and strengths of the approach are critically discussed. The authors conclude that NIRS imaging has two major advantages: it can address issues concerning neurovascular coupling in the human adult and can extend functional imaging approaches to the investigation of the diseased brain. Key Words: Near-infrared spectroscopy-Cerebral oxygenation-Vascular imagingNoninvasive.The first investigations into the functional anatomy of the human cerebral cortex were based on lesion studies. The role of specific cortical areas involved in a specific task was inferred by comparing a patient's dysfunction to the lesion seen at autopsy (Fig. 1A). Whereas initially only electrophysiologic techniques allowed noninvasive functional studies of the human brain, the advent of modern imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have increasingly dominated the field during the past decade. The great advantage is the spatial resolution, which for fMRI is steadily improving and may even allow the differentiation of different cortical layers.There is an increasing need, however, for a better understanding of the signal physiology, in particular of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast, since the basic principles of the coupling between the neuronal and the vascular response to functional stimulation are still not fully understood (Villringer and Dirnagl, 1995).In the present article we focus on noninvasive imaging approaches in the human using light. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS),* the technique on which such imaging approaches are based, has been covered in previous articles that reviewed its potential...

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“…To include that period, we chose a long intertrial interval of 60 s (Mildner et al, 2001). An event-related approach was employed to detect the hemodynamic response to a single trial (Burock et al, 1998;Schroeter et al, 2002Schroeter et al, , 2004c. Measurements were performed simultaneously with fMRI and fNIRS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the post-stimulus undershoot of the BOLD signal—a simultaneous fMRI and fNIRS study

et al. 2006

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Measuring the hemodynamic response with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) together with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) may overcome limitations of single-method approaches. Accordingly, we measured the event-related hemodynamic response with both imaging methods simultaneously in young subjects during visual stimulation. An intertrial interval of 60 s was chosen to include the prolonged post-stimulus undershoot of the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal. During visual stimulation, the BOLD signal, oxy-, and total hemoglobin (Hb) increased, whereas deoxy-Hb decreased. The post-stimulus period was characterized by an undershoot of the BOLD signal, oxy-Hb, and an overshoot of deoxy-Hb. Total Hb as measured by fNIRS returned to baseline immediately after the end of stimulation. Results suggest that the post-stimulus events as measured by fNIRS are dominated by a prolonged high-level oxygen consumption in the microvasculature. The contribution of a delayed return of blood volume to the BOLD post-stimulus undershoot in post-capillary veins as suggested by the Balloon and Windkessel models remains ambiguous. Temporal changes in the BOLD signal were highly correlated with deoxy-Hb, with lower correlation values for oxy-and total Hb. Furthermore, data show that fNIRS covers the outer 1 cm of the brain cortex. These results were confirmed by simultaneous fMRI/fNIRS measurements during rest. In conclusion, multimodal imaging approaches may contribute to the understanding of neurovascular coupling. D

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Near‐infrared spectroscopy can detect brain activity during a color–word matching Stroop task in an event‐related design

Cited by 225 publications

References 27 publications

Multilevel Statistical Inference From Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Data During Stroop Interference

Multilevel Statistical Inference From Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Data During Stroop Interference

Beyond the Visible—Imaging the Human Brain with Light

Investigating the post-stimulus undershoot of the BOLD signal—a simultaneous fMRI and fNIRS study

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