Intelligent surfaces with reversibly switchable wettability
have
recently drawn considerable attention. One typical strategy to obtain
such a surface is to change the surface chemistry or the microstructure.
Herein, we report a new smart surface for which the wettability was
controlled by both the surface chemistry and microstructure. Various
wetting states were reversibly and precisely controlled through heating,
pressing, NIR irradiation, and oxygen plasma treatment. The excellent
shape memory characteristics of shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) and
the controlled release of hydrophobic/hydrophilic oxygen-containing
functional groups contributed to this ability. Microcapsules were
used to design these smart surfaces. They controlled the release
of a fluorinated alkyl silane (FAS) through shell melting, changed
the surface composition, and played a decisive role in protecting
the FAS against hydrolysis and evaporation to ensure that the surface’s
wettability is recyclable. Controlling of the surface chemistry or
microstructure was repeated for at least 19 or 16 cycles, respectively,
which indicated excellent repeatability compared to other smart surfaces.
Based on the excellent controllability, the surface exhibited multiple
functions, such as liquid directional transport and coefficient of
friction control. In addition, it maintained this extraordinary ability
under harsh environments owing to the great stability of the SMPU
and adequate protection of the FAS by the microcapsules. With switchable
wettability based on the surface chemistry and microstructure, this
work provides a new principle for designing smart surfaces with wettability
controlled in two ways.