Near‐Infrared Light‐Responsive Intracellular Drug and siRNA Release Using Au Nanoensembles with Oligonucleotide‐Capped Silica Shell

Abstract

Taking advantage of the character of Au nanorods (NRs) to absorb NIR light, a NIR-responsive oligonucleotide-gated ensemble is developed to perform intracellular drug delivery. Using an oligonucleotide bio-gate enables siRNA release into cells for translational regulation as well as cytotoxicity in anti-cancer drug delivery.

Smart micro/nanoparticles in stimulus-responsive drug/gene delivery systems

“…NIR was utilized in their attempt to produce photothermal conversion of Au nanorods and subsequently dehybridization of their light-sensitive gate of duplex DNA. 205 …”

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for stimuli-responsive controlled drug delivery: advances, challenges, and outlook

“…The double-stranded DNA has been recognized as attractive capping materials due to their unique self-recognition properties of duplex DNA, as well as temperature-dependent assembly. As reported by Schlossbauer et al, 37 Chen et al, 137 and Chang et al, 138 duplex DNA strand or oligonucleotide was anchored onto the openings of the nanovalves and was utilized as a cap for blocking the guest molecules within the porous channels. The duplex DNA cap could be denatured by DNA strand melting at a specific melting temperature of the oligonucleotide, thus opening the valves and releasing the cargo.…”

“…Chang et al 138 have reported an NIR light-responsive oligonucleotide-gated ensembles for intracellular drug delivery. As depicted in Figure 14, the system is composed of gold nanorods-encapsulated MSN and surface-decorated DNA double strands as gatekeepers.…”

15 years on siRNA delivery: Beyond the State-of-the-Art on inorganic nanoparticles for RNAi therapeutics

“…When verifying protein knockdown, alternative techniques would need to be used such as western blots [143], flow cytometry [45] and In-Cell westerns [144]. A recent study by Zhao et al reported the development of AuNPs loaded with siRNA against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, and observed a knockdown efficiency of between 16-38% in MCF- 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 REVIEW NANO TODAY 33 cells via flow cytometry (Figure 16) [145]. The use of the flow cytometer allowed for the distinction between populations of cells, with a better assessment of the siRNA knockdown; in contrast to western blots, which use a pooled protein sample from a cellular population.…”

“…Another option consists of forming non-labile bonds with siRNA by using linkers like mMaleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (MBS) [18], N-gamma-Maleimidobutyryloxysuccinimide ester (GMBS) [33], Succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC) [21] and their sulfonated derivatives, which have a terminal maleimide group that react with thiols to form a thioether bond [133]. It has also been studied the influence of nature and length of the chains between the succinimydil group and the maleimide [119].…”