Near-Infrared Fluorescence MOF Nanoprobe for Adenosine Triphosphate-Guided Imaging in Colitis

Abstract

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is mainly produced in mitochondria and plays an important role in lots of pathological processes such as colitis. Unfortunately, to date, few suitable fluorescence probes have been developed for monitoring the ATP level in colitis. Herein, a fluorescence nanoprobe named NIR@ZIF-90 is proposed and prepared by encapsulating a rhodamine-based near-infrared (NIR) dye into zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-90). The nanoprobe is nonfluorescent because the emission of NIR is suppressed by the encapsulation, while in the presence of ATP, the framework of ZIF-90 is dissembled to release NIR and thus NIR fluorescence at 750 nm is observed. The nanoprobe shows high sensitivity to ATP with a 72-fold increase and excellent selectivity to ATP over other nucleotides. Moreover, with low cytotoxicity and good mitochondria-targeted ability, NIR@ZIF-90 is used to image ATP in colorectal cancer cells (HCT116). In addition, due to the NIR emission, the nanoprobe is further employed to successfully monitor the ATP level in a colitis mouse model. To the best of our knowledge, the nanoprobe is the first example to study colitis in vivo with the guidance of ATP, which will provide an efficient tool for understanding colitis.

Recent Progress in Luminous Particle‐Encapsulated Host–Guest Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Optical Applications

“…The stronger electrostatic interactions between the MOFs and the LP guests provide strong support for LPs to prevent from releasing. [170][171][172][173] For instance, as a typical MOF material, the anionic framework of bio-MOF-1 possesses a large number of residual (CH 3 ) 2 NH 2 + cations in the channel, which enables the straightforward introduction of the cationic LPs by an ion-exchange process. [174] For example, Rosi and co-workers assembled a series of Ln 3+ @bio-MOF-1 through ion exchange with Tb 3+ , Sm 3+ , Eu 3+ or Yb 3+ , and ulterior experiments corroborated that bio-MOF-1 encapsulated and sensitized visible and NIR emission of lanthanide cations in aqueous solutions.…”

Mitochondrial Metabolism Targeted Nanoplatform for Efficient Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Combination Therapy

“…[34] Zhao et al loaded near-infrared fluorescence nanoprobe for ATP-guided imaging in colitis. [45] The field of biosensor was also studied in ZIF-90, for example, Chang et al encapsulated methylene blue for high-performance biosensors for in vitro diagnosis. [46] Xu et al loaded quercetin for label-free colorimetric ATP sensing at neutral pH.…”

Synthesis of a Lanthanide Metal–Organic Framework and Its Fluorescent Detection for Phosphate Group-Based Molecules Such as Adenosine Triphosphate

“…Therefore, in recent years, many methods have been developed for monitoring ATP, including colorimetry, enzymatic methods, electrochemical sensing, and electrochemiluminescence. − Among all of the methods, which have their own advantages and disadvantages, fluorescence spectrophotometry , has been quickly developed because of its fast speed of detection, accuracy, convenience, high sensitivity, and strong fluorescent response. For example, the detection of ATP can be used to value the situation of organisms . As a result, designing fluorescent probes with various materials for detecting the level of ATP is also meaningful.…”

“…For example, the detection of ATP can be used to value the situation of organisms. 67 As a result, designing fluorescent probes with various materials for detecting the level of ATP is also meaningful.…”