Near Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry in Analysis of Butadiene Polymers.

Durbetaki, A. J.; Miles, C. M.

doi:10.1021/ac60229a015

Cited by 40 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…There was no indication of the presence of polypropadiene, polypropylene or polybutene. The NMR spectra were similar to that published for polybutadiene produced by free radical-initiated polymerization (Durbetaki and Miles, 1965). The ratio of the major signals was consistent with the structural unit,…”

Section: Polymer Compositionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Rapid build‐up of a pyrophoric polymer in ethylene plant deethanizer and depropanizer columns

Georgieff

1984

Can J Chem Eng

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The rapid build‐up of pyrophoric polymer in the deethanizer and depropanizer distillation columns in ethylene manufacture has resulted in many unscheduled shut‐downs. Polymer formed in the columns of an Eastern Canadian petrochemical plant was found to consist of a reactive copolymer of butadiene. It absorbed oxygen more rapidly and at lower temperatures than commercial polybutadiene. Some of the peroxidic oxygenated products, which were formed, decomposed exothermally in air at temperatures from ambient to 145°C. The mechanism of polymer formation, the products of oxidation, reagents for deactivating the polymer, and suggestions for reducing the rate of polymer formation and cleaning the columns are described.

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Section: Polymer Compositionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Rapid build‐up of a pyrophoric polymer in ethylene plant deethanizer and depropanizer columns

Georgieff

1984

Can J Chem Eng

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“…This effect is independent of the solvent and of the peracid used for epoxidation. These reactivity gradations agree with those determined by Zuchowska if one takes into consideration that the assignment of the signals in [6] for the cis-and trans-double bonds is not correct and according to Durbetaki and Miles [32], Gemmer and Golub [33] and Huang et al [34] the assignment of the signals must be exchanged.…”

supporting

confidence: 84%

Investigation of the structure of low molecular weight polybutadienes and epoxides made therefrom

1996

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“…11,[13][14][15][16] In contrast, chemometric multivariate analysis methods can be successfully applied to process control from spectral acquisitions in a nondestructive, fast, 17 and even real-time manner. Multivariate methods have been widely applied to determine the composition of polymer blends, [18][19][20][21][22] since they allow a more exhaustive interpretation of the infrared spectral data which allows determining and weighting the relative proportions of the components in an elastomeric blend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supervision of Ethylene Propylene Diene M-Class (EPDM) Rubber Vulcanization and Recovery Processes Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis

2016

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Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber is widely used in a diverse type of applications, such as the automotive, industrial and construction sectors among others. Due to its appealing features, the consumption of vulcanized EPDM rubber is growing significantly. However, environmental issues are forcing the application of devulcanization processes to facilitate recovery, which has led rubber manufacturers to implement strict quality controls. Consequently, it is important to develop methods for supervising the vulcanizing and recovery processes of such products. This paper deals with the supervision process of EPDM compounds by means of Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and suitable multivariate statistical methods. An expedited and nondestructive classification approach was applied to a sufficient number of EPDM samples with different applied processes, that is, with and without application of vulcanizing agents, vulcanized samples, and microwave treated samples. First the FT-IR spectra of the samples is acquired and next it is processed by applying suitable feature extraction methods, i.e., principal component analysis and canonical variate analysis to obtain the latent variables to be used for classifying test EPDM samples. Finally, the k nearest neighbor algorithm was used in the classification stage. Experimental results prove the accuracy of the proposed method and the potential of FT-IR spectroscopy in this area, since the classification accuracy can be as high as 100%.

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Near Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry in Analysis of Butadiene Polymers.

Cited by 40 publications

References 14 publications

Rapid build‐up of a pyrophoric polymer in ethylene plant deethanizer and depropanizer columns

Rapid build‐up of a pyrophoric polymer in ethylene plant deethanizer and depropanizer columns

Investigation of the structure of low molecular weight polybutadienes and epoxides made therefrom

Supervision of Ethylene Propylene Diene M-Class (EPDM) Rubber Vulcanization and Recovery Processes Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis

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