Near‐Global Variability of Stratospheric Water Vapor Observed by SAGE III/ISS

Park, Mi-Jeong; Randel, William J.; Damadeo, Robert; Flittner, D. E.; Davis, Sean; Rosenlof, Karen H.; Livesey, N. J.; Lambert, A.; Read, W. G.

doi:10.1029/2020jd034274

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…Figure 13c is similar to the average SAGE III extinction plot shown in Park et al. (2021), their Figure 3. OMPS‐LP measurements of the aerosol plume are consistent with the SAGE extinction enhancement (Gorkavyi et al., 2021; Kloss et al., 2021).…”

Section: Clouds and Aerosols Observed By Sage Iii/isssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The eruption of Ulawun (5°S, 151°E) on June 2019 also contributed to the aerosol enhancement in the tropics (Kloss et al, 2021). Figure 13c is similar to the average SAGE III extinction plot shown in Park et al (2021), their Figure 3. OMPS-LP measurements of the aerosol plume are consistent with the SAGE extinction enhancement (Gorkavyi et al, 2021;Kloss et al, 2021).…”

Section: Aerosolssupporting

confidence: 58%

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Cloud and Aerosol Distributions From SAGE III/ISS Observations

et al. 2021

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High altitude clouds, especially those in the tropics (∼±30° latitude) are a regulator of climate (Zhou et al., 2014) and their abundance may be an indicator of climate change (Massie et al., 2013). Tropical cirrus near the cold point tropopause forms either through the convective injection of ice crystals or through the slow, large-scale uplift of air toward the colder tropopause -a process that also produces cirrus clouds. Optically thin cirrus forming at the highest altitudes near the tropical tropopause signal the final dehydration of air entering the stratosphere. This cold point tropopause dehydration process, to first order, regulates stratospheric water vapor (Randel & Park, 2019 and references therein). Indeed, there is a high degree of anti-correlation between variations in cold point tropopause temperatures and cirrus cloud fraction (i.e., warmer upper tropospheric temperatures, fewer cirrus clouds; Davis et al., 2013;Wang et al., 2019). Modeling studies by Schoeberl et al. (2019) and Ueyama et al. (2015Ueyama et al. ( , 2018 had elucidated the processes that control cirrus dehydration. The models show that cirrus produced in the boreal winter tropical tropopause layer (TTL, Fueglistaler et al., 2009) is predominately generated through slow uplift. Cirrus is produced by convection, but this process is of decreasing importance moving toward the tropopause (Schoeberl et al., 2019). This conceptual picture explains the observed frequency of supersaturation observed in aircraft data (

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Section: Clouds and Aerosols Observed By Sage Iii/isssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Aerosolssupporting

confidence: 58%

Cloud and Aerosol Distributions From SAGE III/ISS Observations

et al. 2021

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“…Second, there are other regions in the world, like e.g. the American monsoon, where ice transport into the stratosphere is more likely (Jensen et al, 2020;Park et al, 2021), and, consequently, such small-scale features may have stronger influence on the large-scale water vapor distribution. Here, additional case studies following our ideas could help.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A long pathway of high water vapor from the Asian summer monsoon into the stratosphere

Konopka

Rolf

Hobe

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. During the StratoClim Geophysica campaign, air with total water mixing ratios up to 200 ppmv and ozone up to 250 ppbv was observed within the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone up to 1.7 km above the local cold point tropopause (CPT). To investigate the temporal evolution of enhanced water vapor being transported into the stratosphere, we conduct forward trajectory simulations using both a microphysical and an idealized freeze-drying model. The models are initialized at the measurement locations and the evolution of water vapor and ice is compared with satellite observations of MLS and CALIPSO. Our results show that these extremely high water vapor values observed above the CPT are very likely to undergo significant further freeze-drying due to experiencing extremely cold temperatures while circulating in the anticyclonic dehydration carousel. We also use the Lagrangian dry point (LDP) of the merged backward and forward trajectories to reconstruct the water vapor fields. The results show that the extremely high water vapor mixed in with the stratospheric air has a negligible impact on the overall water vapor budget. The LDPs are a better proxy for the large-scale water vapor distributions in the stratosphere during this period.

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“…The largest differences, up to about 10%, are seen in the upper stratosphere. SAGE III/ISS water vapor profiles were reported to have a roughly 10% dry bias with respect to MLS version 4.2 (Davis et al., 2021) and close agreement with MLS version 5.0 outside of tropospheric regions (Park et al., 2021). Among the data sets analyzed here, MLS, ACE‐FTS, and SAGE III/ISS the low water vapor concentrations reported by ACE‐FTS in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere emerge as an outlier.…”

Section: Comparisons With Independent Observationsmentioning

confidence: 93%

M2‐SCREAM: A Stratospheric Composition Reanalysis of Aura MLS Data With MERRA‐2 Transport

Wargan

Weir

Manney

et al. 2023

Earth and Space Science

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The MERRA‐2 Stratospheric Composition Reanalysis of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (M2‐SCREAM) is a new reanalysis of stratospheric ozone, water vapor, hydrogen chloride (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) between 2004 and the present (with a latency of several months). The assimilated fields are provided at a 50‐km horizontal resolution and at a three‐hourly frequency. M2‐SCREAM assimilates version 4.2 Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) profiles of the five constituents alongside total ozone column from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument. Dynamics and tropospheric water vapor are constrained by the MERRA‐2 reanalysis. The assimilated species are in excellent agreement with the MLS observations, except for HNO3 in polar night, where data are not assimilated. Comparisons against independent observations show that the reanalysis realistically captures the spatial and temporal variability of all the assimilated constituents. In particular, the standard deviations of the differences between M2‐SCREAM and constituent mixing ratio data from The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer are much smaller than the standard deviations of the measured constituents. Evaluation of the reanalysis against aircraft data and balloon‐borne frost point hygrometers indicates faithful representations of small‐scale structures in the assimilated water vapor, HNO3 and ozone fields near the tropopause. Comparisons with independent observations and a process‐based analysis of the consistency of the assimilated constituent fields with the MERRA‐2 dynamics and with large‐scale stratospheric processes demonstrate the utility of M2‐SCREAM for scientific studies of chemical and transport variability on time scales ranging from hours to decades. Analysis uncertainties and guidelines for data usage are provided.

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Near‐Global Variability of Stratospheric Water Vapor Observed by SAGE III/ISS

Cited by 10 publications

References 65 publications

Cloud and Aerosol Distributions From SAGE III/ISS Observations

Cloud and Aerosol Distributions From SAGE III/ISS Observations

A long pathway of high water vapor from the Asian summer monsoon into the stratosphere

M2‐SCREAM: A Stratospheric Composition Reanalysis of Aura MLS Data With MERRA‐2 Transport

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