“…In contrast to pointed indenters that generate contact pressures great enough to initiate the primary phase transformation immediately on contact with the sample, this transformation may be observable during loading with a spherical indenter. 21,22 To capture the effects of varying indentation loads, the various maximum forces (20,25,30,45, 60, 80, 100, 150, and 200 mN) were applied in a continuous loading-unloading technique for all three crystallographic orientations. During the indentation test the force was linearly increased with time to the maximum value, held for 5 s, and linearly decreased.…”