Near-Field Imaging of Phased Array Metasurfaces

Bohn, Bernhard J.; Schnell, Martin; Kats, Mikhail A.; Aieta, Francesco; Hillenbrand, Rainer; Capasso, Federico

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00692

Cited by 65 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The control of far-field optical properties by using individual near-resonant scatteres as building blocks to enforce the required phase and amplitude profile has been the primary goal of the metasurface studies. However, actual near-field studies to determine if the design parameters are directly fulfilled by actual fabricated meta-elements in different quasi-periodic arrays are very few 21 . Besides, the principle periodicity assumption to define the arrays of meta-elements is only an approximation since the dimensions of the periodic meta-elements used in various applications suggest that they can be subject to near-field coupling.…”

Section: Ermentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-field phase characterization of gradient gap plasmon-based metasurfaces

Deshpande¹,

Zenin²,

Ding³

et al. 2018

Metamaterials XI

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Metasurface studies have demonstrated vast applications to control optical properties of light based on the ability to design unit cells with desired phase and reflectivity in 2D subwavelength periodic arrays. The simplified design strategy is only an approximation since the unit cells can be subject to near-field coupling effects due to influence from neighbor unit cells. In this work, we try to investigate this effect by numerically and experimentally studying the near-field response from gold nanobricks of varied length, fabricated in both quasi-periodic and periodic configuration on top of dielectric-coated (SiO2) layer and gold layer at telecommunication wavelength (1500 nm), which is the commonly used gap plasmon configuration for efficient metasurfaces. The experimental near-field investigation is performed using a phase-resolved scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) in the transmission mode. We demonstrate that near-field coupling becomes significant when edge-to-edge separation between GSP elements goes below ~200-250 nm. We also show that the reflection phase of any GSP element is approximately equal to its doubled near-field phase. Thus, our studies provide a direct explanation of a reduced performance of a densely-packed GSP metasurfaces. This technique can accurately predict the performance of different types of metasurfaces by observing their near-field response in different periodic configurations by considering factors ignored in the design stage, which include fabrication uncertainties, wrong design considerations along with near-field coupling effects.

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Section: Ermentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-field phase characterization of gradient gap plasmon-based metasurfaces

Deshpande¹,

Zenin²,

Ding³

et al. 2018

Metamaterials XI

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“…Metamaterial inspired designs have been successfully tested in several applications such as gradient negative index lenses, invisibility cloaking, metasurface sub-wavelength imaging [1][2][3][4], and many more. Their entry in structural health monitoring (SHM) of Aerospace, Civil and Mechanical (ACM) engineering [5][6][7] started attracting engineers because of their strong electromagnetic (EM) response to the geometrical changes in the unit element or assemblies of elements [8], making it suitable for robotic arm and waveguide technique is adopted in our study published in Springer's Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Analysis of Metamaterial Surface Plasmon and Waveguide for Monitoring Metal Surface Profile and Concrete Crack/ Separation using Robotic-Arm Based Structural Health Monitoring

Annamdas¹,

Annamdas²,

Soh³

2018

Protocol Exchange

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Many electromagnetic (EM) metamaterial inspired designs such as localized surface plasmons (LSPs), have been extensively adopted for structural health monitoring (SHM) in the recent past. These LSPs, in contact with the 'engineering structure under inspection' generate a diagnosable surface plasmons/ wave as output, when subjected to input EM waves in the near fields. This paper, an extension to recently published article in Springer, presents a procedure to analyse the sensitivity of the output surface wave. The Springer article primarily presented a novel method of transferring 'surface waves' from within the confined boundaries of the LSP sensor to the far-off distance along a guided path. In experiments, the input-EM waves and the output-surface waves were handled by a vector network analyser via a 2D robotic arm. Signals generated by LSP sensor; and, LSP sensor plus waveguide was analysed for monitoring (a) metal shell's surface profile and (b) separation of two adjacent concrete blocks. Further, in this article, the sensitivity of the output signals using a unique root mean square deviation (RMSD) index is presented. 'strain' monitoring, which is a common issue for most ACM structures. Metamaterial inspired LSP sensors are highly non-fragile, which are manufactured as bi-material composites, made of me Most of the present designs are mostly based on the generation of \(A) 'progressive wave' that travel long distances in These EM radiations in the microwave range are harmless, and their applications for ACM engineering structure can be considered without any isolation. Hence, 'near field' based LSP sensor using the

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“…3 Due to advances in nanostructuring technology, MSs are used in various fields of photonics, examples of which include sophisticated polarization and beam control, 4 the observation of the photonic spin Hall effect, 5,6 ultra-flat lenses, [7][8][9][10] and the generation of orbital angular momentum states. [11][12][13] Very recent developments in the field include MSs made from non-metallic materials, leading, for instance, to all-dielectric ultra-flat lenses [14][15][16] or for optical cloaks 17 or novel geometries such as catenary MSs. 18 a Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoboomerang-based inverse metasurfaces—A promising path towards ultrathin photonic devices for transmission operation

et al. 2017

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Ultra-compact visible chiral spectrometer with meta-lenses APL Photonics 2, 036103 (2017) Metasurfaces have revolutionized photonics due to their ability to shape phase fronts as requested and to tune beam directionality using nanoscale metallic or dielectric scatterers. Here we reveal inverse metasurfaces showing superior properties compared to their positive counterparts if transmission mode operation is considered. The key advantage of such slot-type metasurfaces is the strong reduction of light in the parallel-polarization state, making the crossed-polarization, being essential for metasurface operation, dominant and highly visible. In the experiment, we show an up to four times improvement in polarization extinction for the individual metasurface element geometry consisting of deep subwavelength nanoboomerangs with feature sizes of the order of 100 nm. As confirmed by simulations, strong plasmonic hybridization yields two spectrally separated plasmonic resonances, ultimately allowing for the desired phase and scattering engineering in transmission. Due to the design flexibility of inverse metasurfaces, a large number of highly integrated ultra-flat photonic elements can be envisioned, examples of which include monolithic lenses for telecommunications and spectroscopy, beam shaper or generator for particle trapping or acceleration or sophisticated polarization control for microscopy. © 2017 Author (s)

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Near-Field Imaging of Phased Array Metasurfaces

Cited by 65 publications

References 39 publications

Near-field phase characterization of gradient gap plasmon-based metasurfaces

Near-field phase characterization of gradient gap plasmon-based metasurfaces

Sensitivity Analysis of Metamaterial Surface Plasmon and Waveguide for Monitoring Metal Surface Profile and Concrete Crack/ Separation using Robotic-Arm Based Structural Health Monitoring

Nanoboomerang-based inverse metasurfaces—A promising path towards ultrathin photonic devices for transmission operation

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