We propose a comprehensive point spread function (PSF) degradation
model, which considers multiple factors consisting of degradation of
specimen retardant sampling and polarization angularly anamorphic
sampling, to indicate the image degradation characteristics of
polarization imaging systems. First, a one-layer optical coherence
tomography (OCT) model was established to express the retardancy of
medium-loading specimens. Then, a PSF degradation model of angularly
anamorphic polarization sampling was deduced through the retrieval of
Stokes parameters. Finally, maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) was
adopted to assess the distribution of the proposed model. Hypothesis
testing using actual data and numerical simulations demonstrated that
the error of the system followed an asymmetric generalized Gaussian
distribution (AGGD). Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation
results and an actual imaging experiment demonstrate the consistency
of the proposed model and the degradation characteristics of the PSF,
which provide support for the improved accuracy and enhanced image
quality of the optical field retrieval of nanoparticles.