Near earth propagation loss model in forest for low power wireless sensor network

Tokunou, Tatsuki; Yamane, Ryouhei; Hamasaki, Toshihiko

doi:10.1109/usnc-ursi.2017.8074876

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Since the 1960s, a significant amount of work has been done to investigate the characterization of the radio channel blocked by vegetation elements [9,10], which proposed different analytical and empirical models to estimate the power attenuation or level excess loss introduced by a signal blockage due to vegetation obstacles, mainly trees [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23]. Among the conventional forest models, we can mention the COST 235 [11] and the Weissberger [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Radio Channel Model for D2D Communications Blocked by Single Trees in Forest Environments

Picallo

Klaina

López-Iturri

et al. 2019

Sensors

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In this paper we consider the D2D (Device-to-Device) communication taking place between Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) elements operating in vegetation environments in order to achieve the radio channel characterization at 2.4 GHz, focusing on the radio links blocked by oak and pine trees modelled from specimens found in a real recreation area located within forest environments. In order to fit and validate a radio channel model for this type of scenarios, both measurements and simulations by means of an in-house developed 3D Ray Launching algorithm have been performed, offering as outcomes the path loss and multipath information of the scenarios under study for forest immersed isolated trees and non-isolated trees. The specific forests, composed of thick in-leaf trees, are called Orgi Forest and Chandebrito, located respectively in Navarre and Galicia, Spain. A geometrical and dielectric model of the trees were created and introduced in the simulation software. We concluded that the scattering produced by the tree can be divided into two zones with different dominant propagation mechanisms: an obstructed line of sight (OLoS) zone far from the tree fitting a log-distance model, and a diffraction zone around the edge of the tree. 2D planes of delay spread value are also presented which similarly reflects the proposed two-zone model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Radio Channel Model for D2D Communications Blocked by Single Trees in Forest Environments

Picallo

Klaina

López-Iturri

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…The main conclusion to infer is that near-ground models require experimental measurements in order to validate the main propagation mechanisms occurring. Simulation-based solutions present limited scalability and remains restricted to specific environments and certain requirements [ 17 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other recent models can be found, and even that not comparable to our case, the analysis used may result in interest for future on-going research: study over irregular terrain in 200–600 MHz [ 31 ], forest at 2.4 GHz [ 32 ], snow covered forest at 2.45 GHz [ 33 ], a ray-tracing tool for simulation [ 34 ] or a UWB near-ground wireless network [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narrowband Characterization of Near-Ground Radio Channel for Wireless Sensors Networks at 5G-IoT Bands

Klaina

Alejos

Aghzout

et al. 2018

Sensors

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In this contribution, a narrowband radio channel model is proposed for rural scenarios in which the radio link operates under near-ground conditions for application in wireless sensor networks dedicated to smart agriculture. The received power attenuation was measured for both transmitter and receiver antennas placed at two different heights above ground: 0.2 and 0.4 m. Three frequency ranges, proposed for future 5G-IoT use case in agriculture, were chosen: 868 MHz, 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz. Three ground coverings were tested in a rural scenario: soil, short and tall grass fields. The path loss was then estimated as dependent of the radio link range and a three-slope log-normal path loss model was tailored. Results are explained in terms of the first Fresnel zone obstruction. Commercial Zigbee sensor nodes operating at 2.4 GHz were used in a second experiment to estimate the link quality from the experimental Radio Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) received values. Two sensor nodes were placed at the same elevation above ground as in the previous experiment, only for short grass field case. The Quality of Service performance was determined in terms of theoretical bit error rate achieved for different digital modulations—BPSK, 8PSK and 16QAM—concluding remarkable results for an obstructed radio link.

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“…Some applications of wireless sensor networks, like precision agriculture and prevention of forest fire, are typical examples in which wireless devices are obviously in a vegetation environment either trees, plants, grass, etc. (see [7,[55][56][57]). In this context, for instance, an experimental study has been conducted considering a deployment of a WSN in a forest where the influence of the trunks in the received power by means of a linear regression model has been analyzed [55].…”

Section: Attenuation Due To Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, for instance, an experimental study has been conducted considering a deployment of a WSN in a forest where the influence of the trunks in the received power by means of a linear regression model has been analyzed [55]. Another study in this direction is presented by Tokunou et al [56] for a WSN in a forest environment with antennas height set at 105 cm. According to their measurement results, it seems that a notches pattern can be identified in the relationship between received signal strength and distance, which can be associated with the two-ray model described in Section 6.…”

Section: Attenuation Due To Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Propagation for Wireless Sensor Networks in Outdoors

Galván-Tejada¹,

Aguilar‐Torrentera²

2019

PIER B

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A revision of main propagation mechanisms of radio waves for wireless sensor networks is presented in this paper. In order to address this topic, the free space model is firstly taken as a reference. Classical concepts like ground reflection, diffraction, and surface waves are included from a theoretical point of view, and some aspects related to wireless sensor networks are analyzed for each subject. A key parameter is the height of antennas which plays an important role on distinct formulations like reflection coefficient of the ground surface. From there, when antennas are very close to ground surface, the far field conditions could be different from that typical expression. Hence, some of propagation models involve a characterization of far field conditions, and practical settings of antennas for wireless sensor networks are analyzed by electromagnetic simulation. Attenuation due to vegetation is also reviewed, and models suitable for these networks are exposed.

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Near earth propagation loss model in forest for low power wireless sensor network

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

A Radio Channel Model for D2D Communications Blocked by Single Trees in Forest Environments

A Radio Channel Model for D2D Communications Blocked by Single Trees in Forest Environments

Narrowband Characterization of Near-Ground Radio Channel for Wireless Sensors Networks at 5G-IoT Bands

Analysis of Propagation for Wireless Sensor Networks in Outdoors

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